1 00:00:17,885 --> 00:00:20,554 Jennifer narrating: ACCORDING TO ANCIENT GREEK MYTH, 2 00:00:20,588 --> 00:00:25,393 ZEUS HAS A SON NAMED HERACLES, BORN OF A MORTAL WOMAN. 3 00:00:27,461 --> 00:00:33,167 ZEUS IS VERY FOND OF HERACLES AND WANTS HIM TO BECOME DIVINE. 4 00:00:33,201 --> 00:00:36,370 HE THEREFORE PLACES THE CHILD ON THE BREAST OF HIS WIFE, 5 00:00:36,404 --> 00:00:39,273 THE GODDESS HERA AS SHE LAY SLEEPING 6 00:00:39,307 --> 00:00:42,343 SO THE BABY COULD NURSE FROM HER SACRED MILK. 7 00:00:43,844 --> 00:00:46,547 HERA WAKES TO FIND AN UNKNOWN INFANT 8 00:00:46,580 --> 00:00:48,316 SUCKLING AT HER BREAST. 9 00:00:48,349 --> 00:00:51,452 SURPRISED, SHE UNLATCHES THE BABY, 10 00:00:51,485 --> 00:00:53,821 SPRAYING HER MILK ACROSS THE HEAVENS, 11 00:00:53,854 --> 00:00:56,457 CREATING THE MILKY WAY. 12 00:01:11,472 --> 00:01:15,309 YOU'RE USING THIS REAL NATURAL KIND OF MATURE HOLD. 13 00:01:15,343 --> 00:01:16,877 THEY CALL IT THE MADONNA HOLD OR THE CRADLE HOLD. 14 00:01:16,910 --> 00:01:18,679 UH-HUH, RIGHT. 15 00:01:18,712 --> 00:01:20,814 WHEN SHE GETS ON AND YOU FEEL THAT'S A GOOD LATCH, 16 00:01:20,848 --> 00:01:23,684 THEN JUST KIND OF DO A HEAD-TO-TOE ASSESSMENT 17 00:01:23,717 --> 00:01:26,220 TO MAKE SURE THAT EVERY PART OF YOUR BODY 18 00:01:26,254 --> 00:01:28,889 - IS RELAXED. - OKAY. 19 00:01:28,922 --> 00:01:32,526 Jennifer narrating: EACH MOTHER HAS A COMPLETELY UNIQUE EXPERIENCE. 20 00:01:33,827 --> 00:01:35,596 EVERY MOTHER HAS A STORY. 21 00:01:39,233 --> 00:01:43,371 I'VE BEEN WORKING IN PEDIATRICS FOR 30 YEARS. 22 00:01:43,404 --> 00:01:46,507 MY FIRST TEN YEARS WAS AT CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 23 00:01:46,540 --> 00:01:49,143 WORKING IN AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE WARD. 24 00:01:49,177 --> 00:01:52,380 I STUDIED CHILD DEVELOPMENT AS A BACKGROUND PRIOR TO THAT. 25 00:01:52,413 --> 00:01:55,416 THEN I JOINED A PRACTICE WITH DR. JAY GORDON, 26 00:01:55,449 --> 00:01:59,353 WHERE I AM THE NURSE THERE, AND FOR THE LAST 15 YEARS, 27 00:01:59,387 --> 00:02:02,490 I'VE BEEN ALSO THEIR LACTATION CONSULTANT. 28 00:02:02,523 --> 00:02:05,826 OUR PEDIATRIC PRACTICE IS A BREASTFEEDING PRACTICE. 29 00:02:05,859 --> 00:02:08,562 IT'S A WELL-BABY PRACTICE. 30 00:02:08,596 --> 00:02:12,666 THE HEART OF PEDIATRICS SHOULD BE NUTRITION, 31 00:02:12,700 --> 00:02:15,403 AND THE FOUNDATION FOR GOOD NUTRITION IS BREASTFEEDING. 32 00:02:27,948 --> 00:02:31,819 IN THE LAST TEN YEARS AS A LACTATION CONSULTANT, 33 00:02:31,852 --> 00:02:36,590 WHAT I HAVE SEEN OVER AND OVER IS HOW MANY WOMEN 34 00:02:36,624 --> 00:02:38,526 HAVE SO MUCH MISINFORMATION 35 00:02:38,559 --> 00:02:42,496 ABOUT WHAT IT IS TO BE AT EASE WITH BREASTFEEDING. 36 00:02:42,530 --> 00:02:45,299 IT SEEMS LIKE IT'S BECOME THE MOST COMPLICATED, 37 00:02:45,333 --> 00:02:48,469 DIFFICULT THING, WHEN IT SHOULDN'T BE. 38 00:02:54,442 --> 00:02:56,544 BABIES HAVE BEEN BORN, 39 00:02:56,577 --> 00:02:58,779 PUT ON THE MOTHER'S CHEST AT BIRTH. 40 00:02:58,812 --> 00:03:01,982 BABIES DID A NATURAL CRAWL UP TO THE BREAST 41 00:03:02,015 --> 00:03:04,352 AND BREASTFED ALL BY THEMSELVES. 42 00:03:04,385 --> 00:03:07,187 WHY HAVE WE COMPLICATED THIS SO MUCH? 43 00:03:11,325 --> 00:03:14,795 Nancy Williams: SINCE ADAM AND EVE, SINCE THE FIRST CAVEMEN, 44 00:03:14,828 --> 00:03:18,732 SINCE THE VERY BEGINNING OF WHAT WE KNOW, 45 00:03:18,766 --> 00:03:22,336 BABIES HAVE BEEN TAKEN CARE OF IN A CERTAIN WAY. 46 00:03:24,505 --> 00:03:26,507 Jennifer narrating: THROUGHOUT HISTORY, ARTISTS DEPICTED 47 00:03:26,540 --> 00:03:29,009 THE MOTHER AND CHILD BREASTFEEDING, 48 00:03:29,042 --> 00:03:31,779 MOTHERING ALL OVER THE WORLD. 49 00:03:31,812 --> 00:03:34,882 THE NURSING MOTHER WAS SIGNIFICANT. 50 00:03:34,915 --> 00:03:37,418 WE CAN SINGLE OUT VERY FAMOUS ARTISTS 51 00:03:37,451 --> 00:03:40,288 WHO REPRESENTED THE THEME FROM LEONARDO DA VINCI 52 00:03:40,321 --> 00:03:43,257 TO EL GRECO AND LATER EXAMPLES 53 00:03:43,291 --> 00:03:46,894 BY PEOPLE LIKE MARIE CASSATT AND PABLO PICASSO. 54 00:03:46,927 --> 00:03:48,962 Jennifer narrating: IN LESS THAN ONE CENTURY, 55 00:03:48,996 --> 00:03:52,232 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF THE NURSING MOTHER FADED AWAY. 56 00:03:56,304 --> 00:03:58,839 THE FIRST COMMERCIAL MILK PASTEURIZERS 57 00:03:58,872 --> 00:04:01,241 WERE PRODUCED IN 1882. 58 00:04:02,710 --> 00:04:04,612 IN THE LATE 1800s, 59 00:04:04,645 --> 00:04:07,415 WHEN PASTEURIZATION BECAME MUCH MORE AVAILABLE 60 00:04:07,448 --> 00:04:10,284 AND EASY TO DO, CERTAIN COMPANIES LIKE NESTLE 61 00:04:10,318 --> 00:04:12,486 AND CARNATION DECIDED THEY WOULD COME UP 62 00:04:12,520 --> 00:04:15,356 WITH A FORMULA THAT WOULD SUBSTITUTE FOR BREAST MILK. 63 00:04:18,559 --> 00:04:21,329 Male announcer: SOMEDAY, THE NEW BABY WILL PLAY 64 00:04:21,362 --> 00:04:22,963 WITH BIG BROTHER'S TOYS, 65 00:04:22,996 --> 00:04:26,334 MIGHT EVEN INHERIT THAT PRECIOUS BASEBALL GLOVE. 66 00:04:26,367 --> 00:04:31,639 BUT THE FORMULA HE GROWS ON MUST BE HIS OWN EXCLUSIVELY. 67 00:04:31,672 --> 00:04:33,707 ALL BABIES ARE DIFFERENT. 68 00:04:33,741 --> 00:04:36,710 THAT'S WHY HOSPITALS SEND MORE BABIES HOME 69 00:04:36,744 --> 00:04:39,747 ON FORMULAS MADE WITH PET EVAPORATED MILK 70 00:04:39,780 --> 00:04:42,916 THAN ON ANY OTHER FORM OF MILK. 71 00:04:42,950 --> 00:04:45,619 WE'LL COME UP WITH A VERY SPECIAL FORMULA 72 00:04:45,653 --> 00:04:47,621 FOR YOUR SPECIAL BABY, YOUR UNIQUE BABY. 73 00:04:47,655 --> 00:04:50,558 NO BABY GETS THE SAME THING. THAT'S HOW IT GOT ITS NAME. 74 00:04:50,591 --> 00:04:51,992 BECAUSE THE DOCTORS WOULD COME UP 75 00:04:52,025 --> 00:04:54,728 WITH THE SPECIAL INGREDIENTS FOR YOUR BABY. 76 00:04:54,762 --> 00:04:57,431 SO THEY WERE ABLE TO CONVINCE WOMEN THAT THIS WAS MUCH BETTER 77 00:04:57,465 --> 00:04:59,567 THAN THEIR BREAST MILK. 78 00:04:59,600 --> 00:05:03,904 Jennifer narrating: IN 1945, AT THE END OF WORLD WAR II, 79 00:05:03,937 --> 00:05:05,739 MOST BABIES WERE BOTTLE-FED. 80 00:05:05,773 --> 00:05:08,776 HERE'S MOMMY, DARLING! DON'T CRY! 81 00:05:10,678 --> 00:05:13,347 ONE OF THE THINGS THAT PROMPTED THIS WAS THE WAR, 82 00:05:13,381 --> 00:05:16,517 THE GREAT WAR, AND WOMEN WERE GOING TO WORK 83 00:05:16,550 --> 00:05:18,419 AS ROSIE THE RIVETER. 84 00:05:18,452 --> 00:05:20,020 MY GRANDMOTHER WAS ONE OF THOSE, 85 00:05:20,053 --> 00:05:22,656 AND MY MOTHER WAS BOTTLE FED, CONSEQUENTLY. 86 00:05:22,690 --> 00:05:25,826 BUT THAT WAS THE NEW THING BECAUSE IT FREED UP WOMEN. 87 00:05:25,859 --> 00:05:28,962 Jennifer narrating: BY 1956, 88 00:05:28,996 --> 00:05:33,567 U.S. BREASTFEEDING RATES HAD DROPPED TO 20%. 89 00:05:33,601 --> 00:05:38,606 IN THE '50s, WE AS CULTURE, THE WESTERN CULTURE, 90 00:05:38,639 --> 00:05:41,008 WE START SELLING THINGS 91 00:05:41,041 --> 00:05:45,078 THAT WERE TOTALLY UNRELATED TO BREASTS, 92 00:05:45,112 --> 00:05:50,050 SUCH AS BEER, CARS, CIGARETTES, WITH LARGE BREASTS, 93 00:05:50,083 --> 00:05:52,653 WOMEN WITH LARGE BREASTS EXPOSING THEMSELVES 94 00:05:52,686 --> 00:05:55,122 STANDING THERE, SELLING MERCHANDISE, 95 00:05:55,155 --> 00:05:58,592 AND VOILA, IT WAS SOLD. 96 00:05:58,626 --> 00:06:00,628 Jennifer narrating: BY THE LATE 1950s, 97 00:06:00,661 --> 00:06:03,864 PREDOMINANT ATTITUDES WERE THAT NURSING WAS DISGUSTING 98 00:06:03,897 --> 00:06:07,401 AND FOR THE UNEDUCATED AND LOWER CLASSES. 99 00:06:07,435 --> 00:06:11,439 DOCTORS OPENLY DISCOURAGED IT. 100 00:06:11,472 --> 00:06:15,943 I ASKED MY DOCTOR, MY GYNECOLOGIST 101 00:06:15,976 --> 00:06:17,478 ABOUT BREASTFEEDING. 102 00:06:17,511 --> 00:06:19,179 I WANTED TO BE PREPARED. 103 00:06:19,212 --> 00:06:22,616 AND HE LOOKED AT ME AS IF I WAS CRAZY AND SAID, 104 00:06:22,650 --> 00:06:25,619 "BREASTFEEDING? WHY WOULD YOU WANT TO DO THAT? 105 00:06:25,653 --> 00:06:29,623 YOU'RE NOT A COW." I DIDN'T QUESTION ANYTHING. 106 00:06:29,657 --> 00:06:31,825 I DIDN'T QUESTION IT. 107 00:06:33,861 --> 00:06:35,763 Jennifer narrating: BY THE 1960s, 108 00:06:35,796 --> 00:06:38,932 FORMULA COMPANIES INCREASED THEIR MARKETING CAMPAIGNS, 109 00:06:38,966 --> 00:06:41,134 ESPECIALLY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. 110 00:06:41,168 --> 00:06:45,773 IN 1977, THE NESTLE BOYCOTT BEGAN. 111 00:06:45,806 --> 00:06:48,175 WOULD YOU AGREE WITH ME THAT YOUR PRODUCT 112 00:06:48,208 --> 00:06:51,845 SHOULD NOT BE USE WHERE THERE IS IMPURE WATER? 113 00:06:51,879 --> 00:06:54,515 - WE GIVE ALL THE INSTRUCTIONS-- - JUST ANSWER. 114 00:06:54,548 --> 00:06:57,718 - WHAT WOULD YOU-- - OF COURSE NOT, BUT WE CANNOT COPE WITH THAT. 115 00:06:57,751 --> 00:06:59,987 AS I UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU SAY IS WHERE THERE'S IMPURE WATER, 116 00:07:00,020 --> 00:07:03,156 - IT SHOULD NOT BE USED. - YES. 117 00:07:03,190 --> 00:07:05,759 WHERE THE PEOPLE ARE SO POOR THAT THEY'RE NOT GOING 118 00:07:05,793 --> 00:07:08,629 TO REALISTICALLY BE ABLE TO CONTINUE TO PURCHASE IT, 119 00:07:08,662 --> 00:07:10,097 WHICH IS GOING TO MEAN THAT THEY'RE GOING TO DILUTE IT 120 00:07:10,130 --> 00:07:13,100 TO A POINT, WHICH IS GOING TO ENDANGER THE HEALTH-- 121 00:07:13,133 --> 00:07:14,735 - THAT IT SHOULD NOT BE USED? - YES. 122 00:07:14,768 --> 00:07:16,704 DO YOU FEEL THAT YOU HAVE ANY RESPONSIBILITY? 123 00:07:16,737 --> 00:07:18,939 WE CAN'T HAVE THAT RESPONSIBILITY, SIR. 124 00:07:18,972 --> 00:07:21,241 MAY I MAKE A REFERENCE TO-- 125 00:07:21,274 --> 00:07:24,512 - YOU CAN'T HAVE THAT RESPONSIBILITY? - ( echoing ) NO. 126 00:07:26,814 --> 00:07:29,182 Jennifer narrating: MEANWHILE, THE WOMEN'S LIBERATION MOVEMENT 127 00:07:29,216 --> 00:07:30,751 WAS IN FULL SWING. 128 00:07:30,784 --> 00:07:32,620 Crowd: WOMEN'S LIBERATION NOW! 129 00:07:32,653 --> 00:07:34,254 I LOOK AT BREASTFEEDING AS A VERY FEMINIST ISSUE, 130 00:07:34,287 --> 00:07:36,824 AND MANY OF THE FEMINISTS HAVE IGNORED IT 131 00:07:36,857 --> 00:07:41,495 BECAUSE THEY LOOK AT THE FIGHT THAT WENT ON 132 00:07:41,529 --> 00:07:45,265 IN THE EARLY '70s OF BEING ABLE TO PUT ASIDE THE FACT 133 00:07:45,298 --> 00:07:48,702 THAT WE GET PREGNANT AND THAT WE HAVE BABIES 134 00:07:48,736 --> 00:07:50,838 AND BREASTFEED, AND THAT INTERRUPTS WORK. 135 00:07:50,871 --> 00:07:54,542 AND WE'VE BEEN FIGHTING TO SAY, "WE'RE JUST AS GOOD AS MEN. 136 00:07:54,575 --> 00:07:56,977 DON'T CONSIDER US WEAK OR LESS THAN." 137 00:07:57,010 --> 00:08:00,247 SO THEY LOOK AT BREASTFEEDING AS BIO-ESSENTIALISM. 138 00:08:00,280 --> 00:08:03,684 AND WHAT THAT MEANS IS JUST THAT SINCE YOU CAN HAVE BABIES, 139 00:08:03,717 --> 00:08:07,020 YOU MUST HAVE BABIES, BUT MY VIEW IS THAT, YEAH, 140 00:08:07,054 --> 00:08:09,657 WE'RE DIFFERENT. WE NEED TO LOOK AT OUR DIFFERENCES, 141 00:08:09,690 --> 00:08:12,526 AND RATHER THAN TRYING TO SQUEEZE US INTO THIS 142 00:08:12,560 --> 00:08:17,264 ESTABLISHED MALE MODEL, LET'S CHANGE THE MODEL. 143 00:08:17,297 --> 00:08:21,234 Nancy: WE HAVE PERFORMED A GREAT SOCIAL EXPERIMENT. 144 00:08:21,268 --> 00:08:23,871 WE DON'T BIRTH THE SAME WAY ANYMORE, 145 00:08:23,904 --> 00:08:26,874 AND WE DON'T FEED BABIES THE SAME WAY ANYMORE, 146 00:08:26,907 --> 00:08:31,111 AND WE DON'T RELATE AND CARE FOR BABIES THE WAY WE USED TO. 147 00:08:38,719 --> 00:08:40,754 A LOT OF THE MESSAGES YOU HAVE HAVE A COMMERCIAL INTENT. 148 00:08:40,788 --> 00:08:43,891 AND THE COMMERCIAL INTENT IS "YOU'RE NOT ADEQUATE 149 00:08:43,924 --> 00:08:46,927 UNTIL YOU BUY X, Y, Z 150 00:08:46,960 --> 00:08:48,796 OR WEAR THIS OR CONSUME THAT," 151 00:08:48,829 --> 00:08:50,698 AND THERE'S A PROFIT MOTIVE. 152 00:08:50,731 --> 00:08:52,933 THERE'S A REASON WHY THIS MESSAGE KEEPS BEING SENT OUT. 153 00:08:52,966 --> 00:08:55,803 AND I THINK, I THINK THAT WE HAVE-- IN AMERICA-- 154 00:08:55,836 --> 00:08:58,739 MIGHT HAVE STOPPED QUESTIONING THAT MOTIVE. 155 00:08:58,772 --> 00:09:01,909 BREASTFEEDING IS SYMBOLIC, IN A WAY, 156 00:09:01,942 --> 00:09:06,046 TO ALL SORTS OF OTHER THINGS THAT CREATE THE ATTACHMENT 157 00:09:06,079 --> 00:09:08,949 OF HUMAN BEINGS, THE BONDING OF HUMAN BEINGS 158 00:09:08,982 --> 00:09:11,585 WHICH IN ITSELF IS THE BASIS OF CULTURE. 159 00:09:11,619 --> 00:09:17,090 IF YOU DON'T GET THAT RIGHT, THE CULTURE BEGINS TO FRAGMENT. 160 00:09:17,124 --> 00:09:21,762 Chantal: IT'S THE CONNECTION, THE PHYSICAL CONNECTION 161 00:09:21,795 --> 00:09:24,064 AS WELL AS AN EMOTIONAL CONNECTION. 162 00:09:24,097 --> 00:09:26,934 AND ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WE REALLY WANT TO MAKE CLEAR 163 00:09:26,967 --> 00:09:29,803 IS THAT WOMEN CAN TRUST THEMSELVES. 164 00:09:29,837 --> 00:09:32,940 THEY CAN TRUST THEIR BODY AND THEY CAN TRUST THEIR BABIES. 165 00:09:35,175 --> 00:09:37,978 Jennifer narrating: CHANTAL IS MY MENTOR AND MY BEST FRIEND. 166 00:09:38,011 --> 00:09:40,748 WE'VE KNOWN EACH OTHER FOR OVER 30 YEARS. 167 00:09:40,781 --> 00:09:43,116 TOGETHER, CHANTAL AND I WANT TO NORMALIZE 168 00:09:43,150 --> 00:09:44,918 BREASTFEEDING IN AMERICA. 169 00:09:44,952 --> 00:09:47,120 WE WANT TO SEE A CULTURAL SHIFT 170 00:09:47,154 --> 00:09:51,692 AND RESTORE THE NURSING MOTHER TO A PLACE OF HONOR. 171 00:09:51,725 --> 00:09:55,062 WE'VE DEVELOPED A UNIQUE WAY OF WORKING WITH MOTHERS. 172 00:09:55,095 --> 00:09:58,131 OUR GOAL IS TO MAKE SURE A MOTHER IS CONFIDENT 173 00:09:58,165 --> 00:10:00,267 WITH THE TOOLS AND KNOWLEDGE SHE NEEDS 174 00:10:00,300 --> 00:10:03,303 TO TRUST HERSELF AND HER BABY. 175 00:10:13,947 --> 00:10:18,218 WHY IS AMERICA'S BREASTFEEDING SUCCESS RATE SO LOW? 176 00:10:18,251 --> 00:10:23,223 AND WHAT ARE WE GOING TO DO TO SOLVE THIS GROWING CRISIS? 177 00:10:23,256 --> 00:10:26,860 WE NEED SOME ANSWERS, AND WE NEED TO TURN THIS AROUND. 178 00:10:28,696 --> 00:10:30,397 Jennifer narrating: SO WHAT ARE THE ISSUES? 179 00:10:30,430 --> 00:10:32,666 - FIRST OF ALL-- - Crowd: OOH! 180 00:10:32,700 --> 00:10:34,768 Jennifer narrating: WHAT ARE BREASTS REALLY FOR? 181 00:10:34,802 --> 00:10:37,004 Man: * LOOK AT 'EM, SO SOFT, SO JUICY * 182 00:10:37,037 --> 00:10:39,106 * GROWTH SPURT SMOOTH AND GIMME THEM BOOBIES * 183 00:10:39,139 --> 00:10:41,174 * I INSTINCTIVE 184 00:10:41,208 --> 00:10:43,844 * NEVER BITE HARD WHEN I'M DIGGIN' MY TEETH IN * 185 00:10:43,877 --> 00:10:46,379 * TEETHIN', GOT ME SLEEPING LIKE A BABY, SAFELY * 186 00:10:46,413 --> 00:10:48,048 * ALL I THINK ABOUT LATELY 187 00:10:48,081 --> 00:10:51,151 * IS YOUR LOVE, I NEED IT... * 188 00:10:51,184 --> 00:10:54,722 WOMEN SEE THEIR OWN BREASTS AS SEXUAL FEATURES 189 00:10:54,755 --> 00:10:56,924 OF THEIR BODY, BUT SO ARE LIPS. 190 00:10:56,957 --> 00:10:58,892 YOU USE THOSE FOR KISSING AND EATING. 191 00:10:58,926 --> 00:11:00,360 AND SO ALL SORTS OF OTHER PARTS OF OUR BODIES 192 00:11:00,393 --> 00:11:02,229 CAN BE MULTI-FUNCTIONAL. 193 00:11:02,262 --> 00:11:06,033 THERE'S SO MUCH PRESSURE ON ME, AND I THINK ON WOMEN IN GENERAL 194 00:11:06,066 --> 00:11:09,269 TO HAVE SEXUALITY BE THE FOREFRONT OF WHAT I PRESENT. 195 00:11:09,302 --> 00:11:12,272 AND THE QUESTION WAS BEGGED, WHO WOULD I BE WITHOUT THAT? 196 00:11:14,942 --> 00:11:17,010 Black: THAT IMAGE, THAT POSITIVE IMAGE 197 00:11:17,044 --> 00:11:19,012 OF THE NURSING MOTHER 198 00:11:19,046 --> 00:11:23,483 HAS DROPPED OUT OF OUR VISUAL WORLD. 199 00:11:23,516 --> 00:11:27,087 WE SEE LOTS OF IMAGES OF SEXUALIZED BREASTS ON TV, 200 00:11:27,120 --> 00:11:28,956 ON THE INTERNET, BUT THE IMAGE 201 00:11:28,989 --> 00:11:32,425 OF A LACTATING BREAST IS SOMEHOW UNUSUAL. 202 00:11:32,459 --> 00:11:34,962 I UNDERSTAND PEOPLE WANT PEOPLE TO BREASTFEED. 203 00:11:34,995 --> 00:11:37,030 YOU CAN'T BREASTFEED PREMATURE BABIES. 204 00:11:37,064 --> 00:11:39,199 THAT IS FOR THE PARENTS TO DECIDE AND THE DOCTOR. 205 00:11:39,232 --> 00:11:40,834 THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD-- 206 00:11:40,868 --> 00:11:43,003 MICHELLE OBAMA, NOW PROMOTING BREASTFEEDING 207 00:11:43,036 --> 00:11:45,773 AS PART OF HER CAMPAIGN TO FIGHT CHILDHOOD OBESITY. 208 00:11:45,806 --> 00:11:47,474 YOU GOING TO BREASTFEED YOUR BABIES BECAUSE-- 209 00:11:47,507 --> 00:11:49,176 I'M LOOKING, I'M GOING, YEAH YOU BETTER 210 00:11:49,209 --> 00:11:51,511 BECAUSE THE PRICE OF MILK IS SO HIGH RIGHT NOW. 211 00:11:51,544 --> 00:11:54,314 BREASTFEEDING A BABY IS AN INTIMATE ACT. 212 00:11:54,347 --> 00:11:56,149 AND IT SHOULD BE DONE PRIVATELY LIKE FARTING 213 00:11:56,183 --> 00:11:57,785 OR MASTURBATING OR PISSING. 214 00:11:57,818 --> 00:12:00,954 DO YOU SEE WHERE SOME PEOPLE MAY BE UNCOMFORTABLE? 215 00:12:00,988 --> 00:12:03,156 Female reporter: ANOTHER BREASTFEEDING CONTROVERSY. 216 00:12:03,190 --> 00:12:05,092 Female reporter: THE MOMS SAY THE LIFEGUARD ON DUTY 217 00:12:05,125 --> 00:12:07,761 BLEW HIS WHISTLE AND ORDERED THEM TO STOP BREASTFEEDING. 218 00:12:07,795 --> 00:12:09,863 THEY SAID THAT WE WERE PUBLICLY EXPOSING OURSELVES. 219 00:12:09,897 --> 00:12:12,065 Whoopi Goldberg: IT'S CREEPY. TO ME, THAT'S CREEPY. 220 00:12:12,099 --> 00:12:14,267 Woman ON WOMEN TO BREASTFEED. 221 00:12:14,301 --> 00:12:16,203 GISELE BUNDCHEN, SHE NOW WANTS A LAW... 222 00:12:16,236 --> 00:12:18,438 Whoopie: ...THAT WOULD FORCE ALL MOMS... 223 00:12:18,471 --> 00:12:20,307 - Woman THEIR BABIES... - Woman 224 00:12:20,340 --> 00:12:23,043 GIVE ME ADVICE ON HOW TO KEEP MY TEETH WHITE, BUT SHUT UP. 225 00:12:23,076 --> 00:12:25,946 NOW WITH ALL DUE RESPECT TO THE BEAUTIFUL GISELE, SHUT UP AND MODEL. 226 00:12:25,979 --> 00:12:28,348 ( discordant noise ) 227 00:12:37,557 --> 00:12:41,194 PEOPLE EQUATE NURSING TO JUST FEEDING A BABY. 228 00:12:41,228 --> 00:12:45,265 10% OF WHAT GOES ON AT THE BREAST IS ABOUT NUTRITION. 229 00:12:45,298 --> 00:12:49,302 90% OF WHAT IS HAPPENING IS THE LAYING DOWN 230 00:12:49,336 --> 00:12:52,973 OF THE SYNAPSES OF THE BRAIN AND THE DEVELOPMENT 231 00:12:53,006 --> 00:12:55,108 OF THAT HUMAN BRAIN OF AN INFANT, 232 00:12:55,142 --> 00:12:57,544 IT'S GROWING AT A PHENOMENAL RATE. 233 00:12:57,577 --> 00:13:01,314 BREASTFEEDING IS FASCINATING BECAUSE IT'S NOT JUST THE MILK. 234 00:13:01,348 --> 00:13:06,153 IT'S THE SMELL, THE COMFORTS, THE FEELINGS, 235 00:13:06,186 --> 00:13:10,190 THE ATTACHMENT WITH THE CHILD, WITH THE MOTHER 236 00:13:10,223 --> 00:13:13,894 AND THE MOTHER'S FORMING OF THE HABITS WITH THE CHILD. 237 00:13:13,927 --> 00:13:17,931 THE INTERACTION THAT GOES ON IN THAT VERY EARLY PERIOD 238 00:13:17,965 --> 00:13:20,000 IS ABSOLUTELY VITAL 239 00:13:20,033 --> 00:13:23,070 TO DEVELOPING THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. 240 00:13:25,372 --> 00:13:28,008 Jennifer narrating: IN THE EARLIEST STAGES OF A BABY'S LIFE, 241 00:13:28,041 --> 00:13:32,012 100 BILLION NEURONS ARE FORMED IN THE BRAIN, 242 00:13:32,045 --> 00:13:35,916 NEARLY AS MANY AS THERE ARE STARS IN THE MILKY WAY. 243 00:13:35,949 --> 00:13:38,385 LIKE NO OTHER TIME IN A PERSON'S LIFE, 244 00:13:38,418 --> 00:13:41,321 SKIN-TO-SKIN IGNITES THE NEURONS. 245 00:13:41,354 --> 00:13:45,092 AND IF THEY ARE NOT ACTIVATED, THE NEURONS ARE LOST... 246 00:13:45,125 --> 00:13:47,360 ( echoing ) FOREVER. 247 00:13:47,394 --> 00:13:50,197 THE MOTHER RELEASES THOSE BONDING CHEMICALS 248 00:13:50,230 --> 00:13:53,566 EVERY TIME THAT BABY IS EVEN SNUGGLED 249 00:13:53,600 --> 00:13:55,168 NEXT TO HER BREAST, 250 00:13:55,202 --> 00:13:57,504 BUT PARTICULARLY WHILE HE SUCKLES. 251 00:13:57,537 --> 00:13:59,406 FROM THE MOTHER'S PERSPECTIVE, 252 00:13:59,439 --> 00:14:03,343 THERE'S ALL OF THIS BIOCHEMICAL ENCOURAGEMENT 253 00:14:03,376 --> 00:14:06,246 TO BOND TO THAT BABY, TO LOVE THAT BABY, 254 00:14:06,279 --> 00:14:10,050 TO PROTECT THAT BABY WITH HER LIFE IF NECESSARY. 255 00:14:10,083 --> 00:14:14,287 MY SON, MORDECAI AND I HAVE THIS VERY SWEET 256 00:14:14,321 --> 00:14:18,058 AND RELAXED FEEDBACK LOOP BETWEEN US. 257 00:14:18,091 --> 00:14:20,060 I KNOW WHEN HE NEEDS TO GO TO THE BATHROOM. 258 00:14:20,093 --> 00:14:25,098 I KNOW WHEN HE NEEDS TO EAT, TO SLEEP. 259 00:14:25,132 --> 00:14:29,569 WHEN A BABY BREASTFEEDS, THERE'S A CONTROL THAT'S SET 260 00:14:29,602 --> 00:14:32,272 CALLED THE APPESTAT WHERE A BABY KNOWS 261 00:14:32,305 --> 00:14:33,974 THAT FOOD'S ALWAYS AVAILABLE. 262 00:14:34,007 --> 00:14:35,442 DON'T EAT ANY MORE THAN YOU NEED. 263 00:14:35,475 --> 00:14:37,277 IF YOU'RE HUNGRY TEN MINUTES LATER, 264 00:14:37,310 --> 00:14:38,645 SOMEONE'S GOING TO FEED YOU. 265 00:14:38,678 --> 00:14:41,081 START AND STOP AS YOU FEEL LIKE IT. 266 00:14:41,114 --> 00:14:44,617 THAT ABILITY TO REGULATE YOUR INTAKE OF CALORIES 267 00:14:44,651 --> 00:14:48,155 AND OF FOOD, THAT CAN STICK WITH YOU YOUR WHOLE LIFE. 268 00:14:48,188 --> 00:14:50,490 IT JUST HAS TO BE SET DURING THOSE EARLY MONTHS 269 00:14:50,523 --> 00:14:52,960 WHERE WE SAY TO A BABY, "FOOD, DON'T WORRY ABOUT IT. 270 00:14:52,993 --> 00:14:55,095 IF YOU DON'T FINISH WHAT YOU WANT RIGHT NOW, 271 00:14:55,128 --> 00:14:56,663 WE'LL FEED YOU A LITTLE MORE LATER." 272 00:14:58,731 --> 00:15:03,003 BREAST MILK IS FULL OF THE MOTHER'S IMMUNITIES, 273 00:15:03,036 --> 00:15:06,639 IMMUNITIES THAT COME FROM THE BABY 274 00:15:06,673 --> 00:15:08,141 EXPOSING THE MOTHER. 275 00:15:08,175 --> 00:15:10,610 THAT'S ONE OF MY FAVORITE THINGS. 276 00:15:10,643 --> 00:15:13,446 IF A BABY IS EXPOSED TO SOMETHING, 277 00:15:13,480 --> 00:15:18,685 A VIRUS OR A BACTERIUM, AND THE MOTHER ISN'T EXPOSED, 278 00:15:18,718 --> 00:15:24,057 THE BABY'S SALIVA WILL CHANGE, AND WHEN HE GOES TO BREAST, 279 00:15:24,091 --> 00:15:28,128 HE WILL SIGNAL THE MOTHER TO BEGIN TO MAKE ANTIBODIES 280 00:15:28,161 --> 00:15:31,631 FOR THAT THING THAT HE WAS EXPOSED TO THAT SHE WAS NOT. 281 00:15:36,103 --> 00:15:38,105 MOTHERS HAVE EVERYTHING THAT THEY NEED 282 00:15:38,138 --> 00:15:39,672 TO PROVIDE FOR THEIR BABIES. 283 00:15:39,706 --> 00:15:43,210 THEIR BREASTS MAKE A PRODUCT THAT IS SO IN TUNE 284 00:15:43,243 --> 00:15:45,645 WITH THEIR BABY THAT IF YOU HAVE A PREMATURE BABY, 285 00:15:45,678 --> 00:15:47,647 IT MAKES SPECIAL MILK FOR YOUR PREMATURE BABY. 286 00:15:47,680 --> 00:15:50,417 IT'S SPECIFICALLY CREATED FOR YOUR BABY. 287 00:15:53,153 --> 00:15:55,522 BREAST MILK DOESN'T GO FROM A BABY'S MOUTH 288 00:15:55,555 --> 00:15:58,992 TO THE ESOPHAGUS TO THE STOMACH ALL DAY LONG. 289 00:15:59,026 --> 00:16:02,029 IT GOES UP A BABY'S NOSE, OUT THE BABY'S NOSE. 290 00:16:02,062 --> 00:16:05,165 IT GOES RETROGRADE UP THE EUSTACHIAN TUBE 291 00:16:05,198 --> 00:16:08,668 AND WHEREVER BREAST MILK GOES, IT STERILIZES THE TUBES. 292 00:16:22,615 --> 00:16:25,552 WE WOULD THINK IT VERY STRANGE 293 00:16:25,585 --> 00:16:28,355 IF ANIMALS SUDDENLY QUIT BREASTFEEDING 294 00:16:28,388 --> 00:16:31,191 AND HANDED-- SOMEHOW HANDED THEIR BABIES 295 00:16:31,224 --> 00:16:33,693 A BOTTLE OR SOME ARTIFICIAL FEEDING. 296 00:16:33,726 --> 00:16:36,596 YET WE'RE DOING IT REGULARLY. 297 00:16:44,237 --> 00:16:45,472 Jennifer narrating: WE ARE FLOODED WITH THE MESSAGE 298 00:16:45,505 --> 00:16:47,140 "BREAST IS BEST," 299 00:16:47,174 --> 00:16:50,477 ESPECIALLY FROM FORMULA COMPANIES. 300 00:16:50,510 --> 00:16:51,778 Announcer: THE GERBER GENERATION KNOWS 301 00:16:51,811 --> 00:16:53,313 THAT BREASTFEEDING IS THE BEST WAY 302 00:16:53,346 --> 00:16:55,115 TO NATURALLY PROTECT YOUR BABY. 303 00:16:55,148 --> 00:16:56,516 Announcer: THE ROUTINE FORMULA DESIGNED 304 00:16:56,549 --> 00:16:58,218 TO HELP AVOID COMMON FEEDING PROBLEMS 305 00:16:58,251 --> 00:17:00,653 LIKE FUSSINESS, CRYING, AND GAS. 306 00:17:00,687 --> 00:17:02,655 WHAT IT DOES IS CREATE THE QUESTION, 307 00:17:02,689 --> 00:17:06,193 WHETHER OR NOT BREAST IS BEST OR FORMULA IS BEST 308 00:17:06,226 --> 00:17:08,328 OR FINE OR WHATEVER, AND IF YOU THROW THAT QUESTION 309 00:17:08,361 --> 00:17:10,430 UP THERE, THEN IT'S UNDER QUESTION, 310 00:17:10,463 --> 00:17:12,832 THERE IS A QUESTION OVER WHAT IS BETTER. 311 00:17:12,865 --> 00:17:14,634 THAT'S WHAT THE FORMULA COMPANIES WANT. 312 00:17:16,569 --> 00:17:18,771 Jennifer narrating: I HAD HEARD ABOUT A BLOGGER, 313 00:17:18,805 --> 00:17:20,840 THE FEARLESS FORMULA FEEDER, 314 00:17:20,873 --> 00:17:23,376 AND I WAS CURIOUS TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT HER. 315 00:17:25,645 --> 00:17:28,781 I DISCOVERED THAT SHE WAS A MOM WHO OFTEN FELT ALIENATED 316 00:17:28,815 --> 00:17:31,418 BY BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS. 317 00:17:31,451 --> 00:17:33,853 I WASN'T FEARLESS. I WAS ANYTHING BUT FEARLESS. 318 00:17:33,886 --> 00:17:36,323 I WAS WRITING IT BECAUSE I HAD SO MUCH FEAR 319 00:17:36,356 --> 00:17:38,425 AND SO MUCH GUILT AND SO MUCH STRESS. 320 00:17:38,458 --> 00:17:39,826 THE FACT IS THAT EVERYBODY WAS STRUGGLING. 321 00:17:39,859 --> 00:17:41,594 WE'RE ALL TRYING AS NEW MOMS, 322 00:17:41,628 --> 00:17:43,630 AND THEY WERE ALL TRYING TO FIGURE IT OUT, 323 00:17:43,663 --> 00:17:45,665 AND OF COURSE THEY HAD A RIGHT TO FEEL PROUD. 324 00:17:45,698 --> 00:17:47,667 AND OF COURSE THEY HAD A RIGHT TO BE TALKING 325 00:17:47,700 --> 00:17:49,136 ABOUT THE BENEFITS OF BREASTFEEDING 326 00:17:49,169 --> 00:17:50,737 AND WHY FORMULA'S SO BAD 327 00:17:50,770 --> 00:17:52,739 BECAUSE THAT WAS PART OF THEIR NARRATIVE, YOU KNOW, 328 00:17:52,772 --> 00:17:56,543 BUT I THINK NOBODY STOPPED TO THINK, LIKE, WELL, YOU KNOW, 329 00:17:56,576 --> 00:17:57,877 SHE'S SITTING THERE WITH A BOTTLE. 330 00:17:57,910 --> 00:17:59,679 HOW DOES THAT MAKE HER FEEL? 331 00:18:05,585 --> 00:18:07,820 THE OTHER DAY I WAS IN A STORE, 332 00:18:07,854 --> 00:18:10,223 AND I WAS COMING OUT OF THE DIRTY, DARK BATHROOM. 333 00:18:10,257 --> 00:18:12,292 AS I WAS WALKING OUT, THERE WAS A MOTHER 334 00:18:12,325 --> 00:18:16,229 WALKING RIGHT PAST ME TOWARDS THE BATHROOM WITH HER NEWBORN. 335 00:18:16,263 --> 00:18:17,530 AND I SAID, "OH, WHERE ARE YOU GOING? 336 00:18:17,564 --> 00:18:19,532 THAT BABY LOOKS REALLY HUNGRY." 337 00:18:19,566 --> 00:18:22,602 AND SHE SAID, "OH, I'M GOING TO FEED MY BABY." 338 00:18:22,635 --> 00:18:24,237 I SAID, "WHERE ARE YOU GOING?" 339 00:18:24,271 --> 00:18:26,773 AND SHE GOES, "I'M GOING INTO THE BATHROOM." 340 00:18:26,806 --> 00:18:29,442 I SAID, "OH, NO, YOU'RE NOT." ( laughs ) 341 00:18:29,476 --> 00:18:31,344 AND I TOOK HER AND I SAID, 342 00:18:31,378 --> 00:18:34,181 "I'M GOING TO FIND YOU A NICE COMFORTABLE PLACE TO NURSE 343 00:18:34,214 --> 00:18:36,316 UP IN THE FRONT OF THE STORE, FOLLOW ME." 344 00:18:36,349 --> 00:18:38,251 Amelia: MY CHILD IS THREE MONTHS OLD. 345 00:18:38,285 --> 00:18:40,287 WE WERE KICKED OUT OF A STORE 346 00:18:40,320 --> 00:18:43,623 IN VENICE, CALIFORNIA, OF ALL PLACES. 347 00:18:43,656 --> 00:18:48,528 WE'RE ASKED TO LEAVE, AND, UM... WE DID. 348 00:18:52,265 --> 00:18:54,167 Carrie-Anne: HAD DINNER WITH MY HUSBAND, 349 00:18:54,201 --> 00:18:55,902 AND SOME FRIENDS WERE THERE, AND SOMEBODY MADE A COMMENT 350 00:18:55,935 --> 00:18:58,905 ABOUT ME NURSING MY BABY THERE, AND YOU COULDN'T SEE ANYTHING. 351 00:18:58,938 --> 00:19:00,607 AND MADE A COMMENT ABOUT, YOU KNOW, 352 00:19:00,640 --> 00:19:01,908 "BABIES AREN'T SUPPOSED TO BE AT RESTAURANTS. 353 00:19:01,941 --> 00:19:03,576 THEY NEED TO BE AT HOME WITH THE NANNY." 354 00:19:03,610 --> 00:19:06,279 AND I REMEMBER AT THE TIME JUST BEING LIKE-- 355 00:19:06,313 --> 00:19:08,881 YOU'RE SO SENSITIVE, TOO, WHEN YOU'RE NURSING. 356 00:19:08,915 --> 00:19:10,583 Minnie: I SORT OF GOT THE IMPRESSION 357 00:19:10,617 --> 00:19:12,519 WITH THE RATHER PINCHED EXPRESSIONS 358 00:19:12,552 --> 00:19:14,921 ON THESE WOMEN'S FACES THAT THEY WERE SORT OF-- 359 00:19:14,954 --> 00:19:16,723 EVEN IF THEY COULDN'T REALLY SEE IT, 360 00:19:16,756 --> 00:19:19,626 THEY KNEW THAT MY BOOB WAS EXPOSED ON SOME LEVEL 361 00:19:19,659 --> 00:19:21,494 AND I WAS FEEDING A BABY. 362 00:19:21,528 --> 00:19:24,831 Katie: I WAS AT A MUSEUM. 363 00:19:24,864 --> 00:19:27,500 AT THE TIME MY DAUGHTER WAS ABOUT 18 MONTHS. 364 00:19:27,534 --> 00:19:30,237 SHE WAS TIRED AND WANTED TO NURSE. 365 00:19:30,270 --> 00:19:33,240 SO I SAT DOWN AND NURSED MY CHILD. 366 00:19:33,273 --> 00:19:37,410 TO AVOID A TANTRUM IN THIS PARTICULAR EXHIBIT, 367 00:19:37,444 --> 00:19:40,613 WHICH WAS A VERY QUIET PLACE, 368 00:19:40,647 --> 00:19:44,317 AND I WAS ASKED TO COVER UP. 369 00:19:44,351 --> 00:19:47,887 I MEAN, I'VE EVEN HAD FRIENDS OF MINE WHO'D BEEN TOLD THAT, 370 00:19:47,920 --> 00:19:49,922 YOU KNOW, "THAT'S DISGUSTING," OR YOU KNOW, 371 00:19:49,956 --> 00:19:52,359 THEY'LL BE LOOKED AT LIKE "HOW COULD YOU POSSIBLY 372 00:19:52,392 --> 00:19:54,461 DO SOMETHING LIKE THAT," AND IT'S SO BIZARRE 373 00:19:54,494 --> 00:19:56,263 BECAUSE IN THIS CULTURE, YOU KNOW, 374 00:19:56,296 --> 00:19:58,631 YOU SEXUALIZE BREASTS, AND THAT'S OKAY 375 00:19:58,665 --> 00:20:02,335 BUT IF YOU'RE ACTUALLY DOING WHAT THEY'RE MEANT TO DO, 376 00:20:02,369 --> 00:20:04,003 THEN SOMEHOW IT'S, LIKE, WRONG. 377 00:20:04,036 --> 00:20:07,507 Zoe: THANKFULLY I HAVE TWO CHILDREN, 378 00:20:07,540 --> 00:20:09,542 AND I KNOW I'M DOING THE BEST THING FOR MY BABY. 379 00:20:09,576 --> 00:20:11,678 SO I DON'T CARE WHAT YOU THINK, BUT THERE ARE A LOT OF NEW MOMS 380 00:20:11,711 --> 00:20:13,380 WHO MIGHT BE TEETERING ON THE EDGE OF, 381 00:20:13,413 --> 00:20:15,748 "DO I REALLY WANT TO DO THIS? CAN I DO THIS?" 382 00:20:15,782 --> 00:20:18,318 AND YOUR DIRTY LOOK MIGHT BE THE THING 383 00:20:18,351 --> 00:20:20,420 THAT MAKES HER GIVE UP ON HERSELF. 384 00:20:20,453 --> 00:20:21,988 I WAS OUT TO DINNER. I WAS TOLD TO COVER UP. 385 00:20:22,021 --> 00:20:24,624 HEY, I WAS SHOPPING AND I WAS TOLD TO COVER UP. 386 00:20:24,657 --> 00:20:26,593 CAN THEY DO THIS? 387 00:20:26,626 --> 00:20:30,530 MANY WOMEN, MANY EMPLOYERS DON'T KNOW THE LAW. 388 00:20:30,563 --> 00:20:32,432 THAT WE HAVE A LAW THAT PROTECTS US. 389 00:20:32,465 --> 00:20:35,368 WE CAN NURSE WHEREVER WE NEED TO NURSE. 390 00:20:40,707 --> 00:20:43,976 WHEN MY LOVELY WIFE AND I BECAME PREGNANT, 391 00:20:44,010 --> 00:20:47,614 WE, LIKE MOST PARENTS, RAN TO THE BOOKSTORE 392 00:20:47,647 --> 00:20:49,416 TO READ ABOUT HOW TO BECOME 393 00:20:49,449 --> 00:20:51,684 THE MOST PERFECT PARENTS ONE COULD. 394 00:20:51,718 --> 00:20:54,020 AND AFTER READING ALL OF THESE WORKS, 395 00:20:54,053 --> 00:20:56,623 MY WIFE, WHO IS ALSO AN ANTHROPOLOGIST, 396 00:20:56,656 --> 00:20:58,558 WERE LED TO ONE OF TWO CONCLUSIONS-- 397 00:20:58,591 --> 00:21:01,328 EITHER EVERYTHING WE HAD LEARNED ABOUT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, 398 00:21:01,361 --> 00:21:03,930 THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR, PARENTING AND INFANCY 399 00:21:03,963 --> 00:21:06,799 WAS FALLACIOUS COMING OUT OF ANTHROPOLOGY 400 00:21:06,833 --> 00:21:10,737 OR ALL OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS MADE BY WESTERN PEDIATRICIANS 401 00:21:10,770 --> 00:21:12,805 AS TO HOW BEST TO CARE FOR INFANTS 402 00:21:12,839 --> 00:21:15,408 HAD REALLY NOTHING TO DO WITH BABIES AT ALL 403 00:21:15,442 --> 00:21:17,344 AND WERE REALLY BASED ON MORE RECENT 404 00:21:17,377 --> 00:21:19,312 CULTURAL WESTERN IDEOLOGIES. 405 00:21:19,346 --> 00:21:21,348 DOCTORS, THE MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS 406 00:21:21,381 --> 00:21:23,082 HAVE TAKEN OVER WHERE MOTHERS 407 00:21:23,115 --> 00:21:25,918 USED TO HAVE A KNOWLEDGE THAT THEY SHARED. 408 00:21:25,952 --> 00:21:27,920 IT WAS A COLLECTIVE KNOWLEDGE. 409 00:21:27,954 --> 00:21:29,522 THEY PASSED IT ON TO THEIR DAUGHTERS, 410 00:21:29,556 --> 00:21:31,057 THEIR GRANDDAUGHTERS. 411 00:21:31,090 --> 00:21:33,360 Jennifer narrating: EVEN LACTATION CONSULTANTS, 412 00:21:33,393 --> 00:21:36,363 MY ASSOCIATES, ARE INCONSISTENT. 413 00:21:36,396 --> 00:21:38,765 SHE ASKED ME WHAT COLOR HIS STOOLS WERE. 414 00:21:38,798 --> 00:21:41,968 SHE GOES, "OKAY, LOOKS LIKE WE'RE FOUR DAYS BEHIND." 415 00:21:42,001 --> 00:21:45,405 SO ALREADY, BEFORE I EVEN GOT THE REFERRAL, 416 00:21:45,438 --> 00:21:48,441 THIS OTHER LACTATION CONSULTANT TOLD ME 417 00:21:48,475 --> 00:21:50,610 THAT I WASN'T DOING WELL ENOUGH YET, 418 00:21:50,643 --> 00:21:51,911 THAT I WAS BEHIND. 419 00:21:58,918 --> 00:22:04,123 WOMEN COME TO ME LACKING THE SUPPORT, THE KNOWLEDGE, 420 00:22:04,156 --> 00:22:08,094 THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING ABLE TO TRUST THEMSELVES 421 00:22:08,127 --> 00:22:10,863 AND BEING ABLE TO TRUST THEIR BABIES. 422 00:22:10,897 --> 00:22:14,534 I THINK THAT THE SUPPORT THROUGH BREASTFEEDING IS CRUCIAL 423 00:22:14,567 --> 00:22:17,904 HAVING THE RIGHT INFORMATION, THE RIGHT TOOLS. 424 00:22:17,937 --> 00:22:20,840 Jessica: WHEN YOU TRY TO SUCCEED AT BREASTFEEDING AND YOU FAIL, 425 00:22:20,873 --> 00:22:24,110 IT'S EMOTIONALLY REALLY DESTROYING, 426 00:22:24,143 --> 00:22:27,547 AND IT NEARLY HAPPENED TO ME, AND IT HAPPENED TO MY SISTER. 427 00:22:27,580 --> 00:22:29,916 IT HAPPENED TO MANY WOMEN I KNOW WHO ARE CLOSE TO ME. 428 00:22:29,949 --> 00:22:33,753 AND IT'S NOT BECAUSE PHYSICALLY THEY WEREN'T ABLE TO DO IT, 429 00:22:33,786 --> 00:22:35,922 BUT THEY POTENTIALLY DON'T HAVE THE SUPPORT. 430 00:22:35,955 --> 00:22:38,758 YOUR FIRST ASSIGNMENT AS A MOM IS TO FEED YOUR BABY. 431 00:22:38,791 --> 00:22:41,394 TO FEEL LIKE YOU'RE FAILING AT THE FIRST ASSIGNMENT 432 00:22:41,428 --> 00:22:44,897 IS HEARTBREAKING AND REALLY DIFFICULT. 433 00:22:44,931 --> 00:22:48,701 ALL YOU WANT TO DO IS RISE TO THE OCCASION. 434 00:22:48,735 --> 00:22:51,070 I WAS SO FREAKED OUT THAT I WASN'T DOING 435 00:22:51,103 --> 00:22:54,674 ANYTHING RIGHT, AND THE MOST BASIC THING 436 00:22:54,707 --> 00:22:56,776 I NEEDED TO DO WAS MAKE SURE THAT HE WAS FED. 437 00:22:56,809 --> 00:22:59,712 I COULD HOLD HIM AND I COULD TALK TO HIM 438 00:22:59,746 --> 00:23:01,614 AND I KNEW THAT I WAS DOING THAT OKAY, 439 00:23:01,648 --> 00:23:04,417 BUT I WASN'T SURE THAT THE FEEDING WAS WORKING. 440 00:23:04,451 --> 00:23:06,486 BUT I KNEW THAT I COULD LOOK AT A BOTTLE AT LEAST 441 00:23:06,519 --> 00:23:10,423 AND TELL THAT IT WAS-- HE WAS DRINKING IT. 442 00:23:10,457 --> 00:23:12,191 Jennifer narrating: WITHOUT A SUPPORTIVE EMPLOYER 443 00:23:12,224 --> 00:23:14,093 AND PAID MATERNITY LEAVE, 444 00:23:14,126 --> 00:23:17,730 THE NURSING MOTHER IS CHALLENGED EVEN MORE. 445 00:23:17,764 --> 00:23:19,599 WE DON'T WANT TO CREATE AN ENVIRONMENT 446 00:23:19,632 --> 00:23:21,568 WHERE HAVING TO CHOOSE BETWEEN YOUR PAYCHECK 447 00:23:21,601 --> 00:23:24,103 AND THE HEALTH OF YOUR CHILD BECOMES A DECISION 448 00:23:24,136 --> 00:23:27,874 THAT A MOTHER HAS TO MAKE AT A REALLY VULNERABLE TIME. 449 00:23:27,907 --> 00:23:31,110 WHEN WOMEN HAVE LONGER LEAVES, THEY BREASTFEED MORE. 450 00:23:34,113 --> 00:23:36,816 Jennifer: THE SADDEST THING FOR ME-- 451 00:23:36,849 --> 00:23:39,018 AND I DON'T THINK I'LL EVER GET OVER IT-- 452 00:23:39,051 --> 00:23:41,588 IS THAT I HAD TO GO BACK TO WORK. 453 00:23:43,790 --> 00:23:47,159 I HAD TO LEAVE MY CHILD AT THREE MONTHS OF AGE. 454 00:23:47,193 --> 00:23:51,531 I KNOW HE WAS GRIEVING FOR ME. I WAS GRIEVING FOR HIM. 455 00:23:51,564 --> 00:23:54,166 AND YET EVERYBODY AROUND ME TOLD ME, "WELL, THAT'S NORMAL. 456 00:23:54,200 --> 00:23:55,935 HE'LL BE OKAY. 457 00:23:55,968 --> 00:23:58,070 LISTEN, HE'LL STOP CRYING AS SOON AS YOU LEAVE. 458 00:23:58,104 --> 00:24:00,239 HE'LL BE FINE." 459 00:24:00,272 --> 00:24:02,041 HE WASN'T FINE. 460 00:24:05,044 --> 00:24:06,946 I THINK IF WOMEN HAD THE SUPPORT 461 00:24:06,979 --> 00:24:09,148 AND THEY WERE ABLE TO STAY HOME WITH THEIR LITTLE ONES, 462 00:24:09,181 --> 00:24:11,250 I THINK THAT THEY WOULD CHOOSE TO DO THAT. 463 00:24:11,283 --> 00:24:14,887 BUT, YOU KNOW, IF YOU DON'T HAVE THE CHOICE, 464 00:24:14,921 --> 00:24:18,024 WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO? 465 00:24:18,057 --> 00:24:20,993 THERE ARE ONLY FOUR COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD 466 00:24:21,027 --> 00:24:25,264 WITH NO GOVERNMENT-MANDATED PAID MATERNITY LEAVE. 467 00:24:25,297 --> 00:24:28,801 AND THE UNITED STATES IS ONE OF THEM. 468 00:24:32,204 --> 00:24:34,273 WE EXPECT WOMEN TO COME BACK TO WORK 469 00:24:34,306 --> 00:24:36,142 RIGHT AFTER THEY'VE HAD A BABY, 470 00:24:36,175 --> 00:24:39,979 AND WE EXPECT THEM TO RESUME THE LIFE THAT THEY LED BEFORE. 471 00:24:40,012 --> 00:24:42,081 WE HAVE THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT, 472 00:24:42,114 --> 00:24:44,216 AND THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT PROTECTS WOMEN 473 00:24:44,250 --> 00:24:46,285 WHO ARE PREGNANT, AND IT'S SEX DISCRIMINATION 474 00:24:46,318 --> 00:24:49,088 IF WE DISCRIMINATE AGAINST THEM IF THEY ARE PREGNANT. 475 00:24:49,121 --> 00:24:51,090 HOWEVER, IT DOESN'T COVER LACTATION. 476 00:24:51,123 --> 00:24:53,826 AND SO IN FACT, ALL OF THE U.S. CASE LAW 477 00:24:53,860 --> 00:24:55,895 AROUND LACTATION IN THE WORKPLACE OPINES 478 00:24:55,928 --> 00:24:58,965 THAT THERE IS NO CONNECTION BETWEEN PREGNANCY AND LACTATION. 479 00:24:58,998 --> 00:25:01,801 SO EMPLOYERS ACROSS THE UNITED STATES HAVE THE RIGHT 480 00:25:01,834 --> 00:25:04,070 TO FIRE A WOMAN IF SHE IS BREASTFEEDING. 481 00:25:04,103 --> 00:25:06,939 AND THERE IS NO REAL CASE-LAW RECOURSE. 482 00:25:10,109 --> 00:25:12,078 YOU'RE NOT BEING PAID MATERNITY LEAVE 483 00:25:12,111 --> 00:25:13,980 AND YOU HAVE TO GO BACK TO WORK, 484 00:25:14,013 --> 00:25:17,249 IT MAKES IT A LOT HARDER TO KEEP BREASTFEEDING. 485 00:25:17,283 --> 00:25:20,119 Carrie-Anne: I THINK THAT OUR SOCIETY LOOKS AT MOTHERING 486 00:25:20,152 --> 00:25:24,190 AS A COMPARTMENTALIZED PART OF LIFE. 487 00:25:24,223 --> 00:25:26,893 AND I THINK THE THING THAT'S HAPPENED 488 00:25:26,926 --> 00:25:29,962 AND I THINK IT'S A VERY DIFFICULT SITUATION 489 00:25:29,996 --> 00:25:33,866 THAT WOMEN ARE IN IS THAT WOMEN WANT TO HAVE CAREERS 490 00:25:33,900 --> 00:25:38,838 AND THEY WANT TO HAVE CHILDREN, AND THE REALITY FOR ME 491 00:25:38,871 --> 00:25:42,842 WAS THAT I COULDN'T DO BOTH THE WAY THAT I WANTED TO DO IT. 492 00:25:42,875 --> 00:25:46,245 WE FORCE WOMEN BACK TO WORK HERE SO QUICKLY, 493 00:25:46,278 --> 00:25:48,648 AND THEY GO INTO TO MOTHERING THINKING 494 00:25:48,681 --> 00:25:50,883 THAT THEY'RE NOT GONNA BE ABLE TO BE SUCCESSFUL. 495 00:25:50,917 --> 00:25:53,653 AND IT'S A SHAME BECAUSE WE'RE ALL JUST-- 496 00:25:53,686 --> 00:25:56,856 WE'RE LOSING OUT ON THIS ONCE-IN-A-LIFETIME EXPERIENCE. 497 00:26:07,066 --> 00:26:08,601 Chantal: RIGHT AFTER BIRTH, 498 00:26:08,635 --> 00:26:10,202 SEPARATION OF THE BABY FROM THE MOM 499 00:26:10,236 --> 00:26:12,104 IS ONE OF THE MOST DAMAGING INTERVENTIONS 500 00:26:12,138 --> 00:26:14,340 THAT PROFESSIONAL MEDICINE HAS COME UP WITH. 501 00:26:14,373 --> 00:26:16,943 WHEN A MOTHER HAS HER BABY IN THE HOSPITAL, 502 00:26:16,976 --> 00:26:19,812 IT'S THE WAY THAT SHE'S TREATED IN THE HOSPITAL 503 00:26:19,846 --> 00:26:21,380 THAT'S GONNA MAKE A BIG DIFFERENCE 504 00:26:21,413 --> 00:26:23,082 ON WHETHER OR NOT SHE'LL BE ABLE TO BREASTFEED. 505 00:26:23,115 --> 00:26:25,384 MY GUT WAS SAYING, LIKE, "NO, SOMETHING'S OFF. 506 00:26:25,417 --> 00:26:28,354 I KNOW THIS ISN'T SUPPOSED TO WORK THIS WAY." 507 00:26:28,387 --> 00:26:31,758 BUT NO ONE SEEMED TO LISTEN AND I FELT LIKE, WELL, 508 00:26:31,791 --> 00:26:33,660 I'VE NEVER HAD A BABY. 509 00:26:33,693 --> 00:26:35,194 YOU KNOW, THESE PEOPLE KNOW WHAT THEY'RE DOING. 510 00:26:37,864 --> 00:26:41,067 Chantal: HOSPITALS MAKE MONEY IF A BABY 511 00:26:41,100 --> 00:26:44,103 IS READMITTED WITH AN ILLNESS. 512 00:26:44,136 --> 00:26:48,074 THEY REALLY DON'T MAKE MONEY IF A BABY IS HEALTHY. 513 00:26:48,107 --> 00:26:50,777 AND THEY ACTUALLY CONSIDER 514 00:26:50,810 --> 00:26:53,412 THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT, 515 00:26:53,445 --> 00:26:57,316 THE PEDIATRIC UNIT, THEY CONSIDER THE BABIES 516 00:26:57,349 --> 00:26:59,886 IN THOSE UNITS AS A PRODUCT LINE. 517 00:27:03,189 --> 00:27:05,091 Woman: EMPLOYERS ACROSS THE UNITED STATES 518 00:27:05,124 --> 00:27:07,660 HAVE THE RIGHT TO FIRE A WOMAN WHO'S... 519 00:27:07,694 --> 00:27:09,829 Man: ( overlapping ) IT'S REALLY NOTHING TO DO WITH BABIES AT ALL. 520 00:27:09,862 --> 00:27:12,298 Woman DOING IT REGULARLY... 521 00:27:12,331 --> 00:27:14,734 Woman TOLD THAT, YOU KNOW, THAT'S DISGUSTING... 522 00:27:14,767 --> 00:27:16,936 ( overlapping voices ) 523 00:27:25,277 --> 00:27:28,915 Jennifer narrating: THE OBSTACLES ARE OVERWHELMING. 524 00:27:28,948 --> 00:27:31,183 I WAS BEGINNING TO WONDER HOW ONE PERSON, 525 00:27:31,217 --> 00:27:34,353 HOW I COULD REALLY HELP MAKE A DIFFERENCE. 526 00:27:38,791 --> 00:27:41,894 CHANTAL AND I SPOKE ABOUT THE CHALLENGES 527 00:27:41,928 --> 00:27:43,930 THAT SO MANY WOMEN FACE IN AMERICA. 528 00:27:43,963 --> 00:27:46,398 SHE REMINDED ME ABOUT THE BREASTFEEDING PRACTICES 529 00:27:46,432 --> 00:27:49,201 IN SOME OF THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES. 530 00:27:49,235 --> 00:27:53,339 SHE VISITED A HOSPITAL IN BERLIN A FEW YEARS AGO 531 00:27:53,372 --> 00:27:55,842 AND TOLD ME ABOUT SOME OF THE AMAZING THINGS 532 00:27:55,875 --> 00:27:58,745 THEY WERE DOING WITH THEIR TINIEST BABIES 533 00:27:58,778 --> 00:28:02,348 IN THE NICU AS WELL AS THEIR FULL-TERM BABIES. 534 00:28:02,381 --> 00:28:05,818 MANY OF THESE COUNTRIES HAVE HIGHER SUCCESS RATES 535 00:28:05,852 --> 00:28:08,020 WITH BREASTFEEDING AND WE DECIDED 536 00:28:08,054 --> 00:28:09,856 WE HAD TO FIND OUT WHY. 537 00:28:09,889 --> 00:28:12,191 WHAT ARE THEY DOING RIGHT? 538 00:28:31,310 --> 00:28:33,479 TODAY WE ARE HEADED TO ST. JOSEPH HOSPITAL 539 00:28:33,512 --> 00:28:35,181 IN BERLIN, GERMANY. 540 00:28:35,214 --> 00:28:38,751 THEY ARE A CERTIFIED BABY-FRIENDLY HOSPITAL 541 00:28:38,785 --> 00:28:41,754 WITH AN EXTREMELY HIGH BREASTFEEDING RATE. 542 00:28:41,788 --> 00:28:44,356 THEY WERE THE FIRST BABY-FRIENDLY 543 00:28:44,390 --> 00:28:46,125 CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL IN THE WORLD. 544 00:28:56,869 --> 00:28:59,772 Jennifer narrating: 97% OF FULL-TERM BABIES 545 00:28:59,806 --> 00:29:02,308 AND 86% OF PREMATURE BABIES 546 00:29:02,341 --> 00:29:05,344 LEAVE ST. JOSEPH EXCLUSIVELY BREASTFED. 547 00:29:09,581 --> 00:29:14,353 THE BABY-FRIENDLY HOSPITAL INITIATIVE WAS LAUNCHED IN 1991 548 00:29:14,386 --> 00:29:16,355 AS AN EFFORT BY UNICEF 549 00:29:16,388 --> 00:29:18,357 AND THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 550 00:29:18,390 --> 00:29:21,260 TO INCREASE BREASTFEEDING RATES WORLDWIDE. 551 00:29:23,462 --> 00:29:27,433 DOCTOR ABOU-DAKN EXPLAINS TO ME HOW THEY USED TO DO THINGS 552 00:29:27,466 --> 00:29:29,768 BEFORE THEY WENT BABY-FRIENDLY. 553 00:29:56,095 --> 00:29:59,465 KATRIN BAUTSCH ESTABLISHED THE BABY-FRIENDLY PROGRAM 554 00:29:59,498 --> 00:30:05,237 AT ST. JOSEPH HOSPITAL'S NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT. 555 00:30:05,271 --> 00:30:08,207 BUT SHE DID MORE THAN JUST INITIATE A PROGRAM 556 00:30:08,240 --> 00:30:09,942 THAT SUPPORTS BREASTFEEDING. 557 00:30:09,976 --> 00:30:12,578 KATRIN CREATED THE UNIT WHERE EVERY MOTHER 558 00:30:12,611 --> 00:30:15,114 STAYS IN THE SAME ROOM WITH HER BABY 559 00:30:15,147 --> 00:30:19,018 FOR THE ENTIRE TIME THAT BABY NEEDS TO BE IN THE HOSPITAL. 560 00:30:22,388 --> 00:30:25,091 KATRIN EXPLAINED TO US HOW IMPORTANT IT IS 561 00:30:25,124 --> 00:30:27,626 TO KEEP VERY ILL AND EVEN DYING BABIES 562 00:30:27,659 --> 00:30:29,361 WITH THEIR MOTHERS AND FATHERS. 563 00:30:40,606 --> 00:30:42,441 SHE THEN TOOK US TO MEET A MOTHER 564 00:30:42,474 --> 00:30:45,912 WHO HAD RECENTLY LOST ONE OF HER TWINS. 565 00:30:45,945 --> 00:30:48,147 SHE'S DOING GOOD NOW. 566 00:30:48,180 --> 00:30:51,050 - YEAH, THEY SAID JUST-- - 33 WEEKS. 567 00:30:57,957 --> 00:31:00,893 "WHOSE BABY SYNDROME"? I'VE NEVER HEARD OF THAT. 568 00:31:00,927 --> 00:31:02,628 WHAT DOES IT MEAN? 569 00:31:46,305 --> 00:31:50,276 I REMEMBER THE NURSE GIVING HER TO ME. 570 00:31:50,309 --> 00:31:52,979 AND I WAS REALLY A BIT SCARED. 571 00:31:53,012 --> 00:31:56,715 - YEAH. - ACTUALLY I SAID, "OH, NO, NO, NO, DON'T." 572 00:31:56,748 --> 00:31:58,684 BECAUSE I WAS SO AFRAID I COULD BREAK HER. 573 00:31:58,717 --> 00:32:00,319 SHE WAS JUST SO SMALL, 574 00:32:00,352 --> 00:32:02,321 HAD THAT LITTLE BREATHING MASK ON. 575 00:32:02,354 --> 00:32:04,490 THE NURSE SAID, "NO, NO, NO, SHE REALLY NEEDS YOU NOW. 576 00:32:04,523 --> 00:32:05,992 SHE'S AFRAID AS WELL, 577 00:32:06,025 --> 00:32:09,361 AND SHE THINKS NO ONE IS THERE FOR HER. 578 00:32:09,395 --> 00:32:13,432 SO TAKE HER, TAKE HER AND MAKE HER FEEL 579 00:32:13,465 --> 00:32:17,036 THAT MOMMY'S THERE," AND I THOUGHT, OKAY, OKAY, OKAY. 580 00:32:17,069 --> 00:32:19,005 IMMEDIATELY, EVERYTHING WAS FINE. 581 00:33:17,363 --> 00:33:19,265 Jennifer narrating: I WAS TOTALLY SURPRISED 582 00:33:19,298 --> 00:33:22,401 BY HOW THE STAFF AT ST. JOSEPH TRUST THE PARENT. 583 00:33:22,434 --> 00:33:25,404 IN THE UNITED STATES, IT'S THE COMPLETE OPPOSITE. 584 00:33:25,437 --> 00:33:28,407 DOCTORS AND NURSES ROUTINELY TAKE CONTROL 585 00:33:28,440 --> 00:33:30,142 AWAY FROM MOTHERS AND FATHERS. 586 00:33:33,645 --> 00:33:35,547 Jay: IN MEDICAL SCHOOL THEY DON'T TEACH US A LOT 587 00:33:35,581 --> 00:33:37,449 ABOUT BREASTFEEDING AND THEY ALSO DON'T TEACH US 588 00:33:37,483 --> 00:33:39,485 THAT MUCH ABOUT INTERACTING WITH PARENTS. 589 00:33:39,518 --> 00:33:42,754 WHAT WE DO IS WE LEARN HOW TO TAKE CARE OF SICK KIDS. 590 00:33:42,788 --> 00:33:44,590 WE DON'T KNOW A LOT ABOUT WELLNESS. 591 00:33:44,623 --> 00:33:47,159 WE DON'T KNOW A LOT ABOUT WELL-BABY CARE. 592 00:33:47,193 --> 00:33:50,829 MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS HAVE TAKEN THE STAND THAT, "OH, NO, 593 00:33:50,862 --> 00:33:55,367 WE KNOW BEST FOR YOUR BABY, AND YOU NEED TO LISTEN TO US." 594 00:34:00,239 --> 00:34:02,808 SOMETHING THAT HAS HAPPENED TO OUR CULTURE 595 00:34:02,841 --> 00:34:06,712 KIND OF SLOWLY AND SUBTLY 596 00:34:06,745 --> 00:34:10,316 OVER THE LAST 50 OR 75 YEARS 597 00:34:10,349 --> 00:34:16,388 IS KIND OF AN EROSION OF THE VALUING THE IMPORTANCE 598 00:34:16,422 --> 00:34:18,724 OF THAT MOTHER-BABY RELATIONSHIP 599 00:34:18,757 --> 00:34:21,227 AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE MOTHER HERSELF. 600 00:34:26,732 --> 00:34:29,368 Jennifer narrating: THE MOTHER IS NOT ONLY LESS VALUED 601 00:34:29,401 --> 00:34:32,204 IN THE UNITED STATES BUT PARENTS ARE DISCOURAGED 602 00:34:32,238 --> 00:34:35,107 FROM QUESTIONING HOSPITAL POLICES. 603 00:34:35,141 --> 00:34:39,545 IN MANY CASES, PARENTS ACTUALLY HAVE THEIR BABIES TAKEN AWAY. 604 00:34:39,578 --> 00:34:42,514 Reporter: ANNA NICOLAI HAVE REACHED OUT TO US 605 00:34:42,548 --> 00:34:44,850 AFTER POLICE WENT INTO HER HOME LAST NIGHT. 606 00:34:44,883 --> 00:34:46,652 THEY WERE THERE WITH CPS. 607 00:34:46,685 --> 00:34:49,521 ANNA SAYS THIS WHOLE THING STARTED WITH A TRIP 608 00:34:49,555 --> 00:34:51,623 TO THE HOSPITAL AND HER NEED FOR A SECOND OPINION 609 00:34:51,657 --> 00:34:53,625 ON HER BABY BOY'S CONDITION. 610 00:34:53,659 --> 00:34:56,862 IT'S A CHARGE THAT BAFFLES BOTH ANNA AND HER HUSBAND. 611 00:34:56,895 --> 00:35:00,132 IT SEEMS LIKE THE PARENTS HAVE NO RIGHT WHATSOEVER. 612 00:35:00,166 --> 00:35:03,235 ONE LOCAL COUPLE SAYS THEIR BABY WAS KEPT IN THE HOSPITAL 613 00:35:03,269 --> 00:35:06,772 AGAINST THEIR WILL AFTER A NURSE CALLED SOCIAL SERVICES. 614 00:35:06,805 --> 00:35:08,874 HE SAID, "WELL, IF YOU WOULD LEAVE THE HOSPITAL, 615 00:35:08,907 --> 00:35:10,876 I WOULD HAVE TO ARREST YOUR HUSBAND." 616 00:35:10,909 --> 00:35:13,179 Woman reporter: CELIA IS REFERRING TO THE POLICE OFFICER 617 00:35:13,212 --> 00:35:16,382 WHO WAS SENT TO HER ROOM JUST HOURS AFTER SHE GAVE BIRTH, 618 00:35:16,415 --> 00:35:18,850 ALL BECAUSE SHE AND HER HUSBAND TOLD A NURSE 619 00:35:18,884 --> 00:35:21,187 THAT THEY DIDN'T WANT TO KEEP LILIA OVERNIGHT 620 00:35:21,220 --> 00:35:23,222 IN THE NICU TO BE TREATED FOR JAUNDICE. 621 00:35:23,255 --> 00:35:25,291 BASICALLY THEY WERE GOING TO TAKE THE BABY 622 00:35:25,324 --> 00:35:26,725 AND PUT HER IN THAT INCUBATOR NO MATTER WHAT. 623 00:35:29,928 --> 00:35:32,464 Jennifer narrating: ALL OF THESE MESSAGES THAT WOMEN RECEIVE 624 00:35:32,498 --> 00:35:36,435 IN OUR CULTURE CREATE DOUBT AND FEAR AND UNDERMINE 625 00:35:36,468 --> 00:35:39,171 A MOTHER'S INTUITIVE KNOWLEDGE OF HER BABY. 626 00:35:39,205 --> 00:35:42,341 I SEE THIS SO OFTEN WITH THE MOTHERS I WORK WITH. 627 00:35:42,374 --> 00:35:44,176 THEY ARE TERRIFIED 628 00:35:44,210 --> 00:35:46,745 AND FEEL AS THOUGH THEY ARE FAILING AS MOTHERS. 629 00:36:25,251 --> 00:36:26,652 A BABY NEEDS TIME 630 00:36:26,685 --> 00:36:29,221 TO CRAWL TO THE BREAST AND LATCH ON. 631 00:36:32,023 --> 00:36:34,693 James: OF ALL THE MAMMALS, OF ALL THE PRIMATES, 632 00:36:34,726 --> 00:36:36,828 THE HUMAN INFANT IS NEUROLOGICALLY 633 00:36:36,862 --> 00:36:39,598 THE LEAST MATURE AT BIRTH THAN ANY OTHER PRIMATE. 634 00:36:41,400 --> 00:36:44,736 ITS OWN NERVOUS SYSTEM EXPECTS TO ENGAGE 635 00:36:44,770 --> 00:36:47,773 TO CREATE WHAT'S CALLED A MICROENVIRONMENT 636 00:36:47,806 --> 00:36:49,775 THAT WOULD PROTECT AND BUFFER 637 00:36:49,808 --> 00:36:51,710 THIS EXTREMELY VULNERABLE INFANT. 638 00:36:54,446 --> 00:36:59,251 IT'S ABSOLUTELY VITAL TO SELF-REGULATION, TO HEALTH, 639 00:36:59,285 --> 00:37:01,920 TO THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 640 00:37:01,953 --> 00:37:04,556 AND TO ALL LAYERS OF THE BEING. 641 00:37:17,803 --> 00:37:20,539 Chantal: EVEN THE PREEMIE SHOULD BE PUT 642 00:37:20,572 --> 00:37:23,875 ON THE MOTHER'S CHEST AFTER BIRTH. 643 00:37:23,909 --> 00:37:28,514 Jennifer narrating: THIS IS CALLED KANGAROO MOTHER CARE. 644 00:37:28,547 --> 00:37:31,483 THE BABY STAYS IN SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT 645 00:37:31,517 --> 00:37:33,852 WITH THE MOTHER MOST OF THE DAY AND NIGHT. 646 00:37:47,366 --> 00:37:49,000 Chantal: IT'S MUCH MORE DIFFICULT 647 00:37:49,034 --> 00:37:51,303 WHEN THEY'RE PUT IN AN INCUBATOR 648 00:37:51,337 --> 00:37:53,405 WITH ALL OUR HIGH TECHNOLOGY 649 00:37:53,439 --> 00:37:55,774 COMPARED TO RIGHT ON THE MOTHER'S CHEST 650 00:37:55,807 --> 00:37:59,711 WHERE THAT BABY IS ALREADY PROGRAMMED TO RELAX. 651 00:38:04,516 --> 00:38:08,320 MY BABY WAS BORN ONE DAY SHY OF 27 WEEKS. 652 00:38:08,354 --> 00:38:11,957 I DIDN'T SEE HIM RIGHT AFTER HE WAS BORN. 653 00:38:11,990 --> 00:38:14,860 HE WAS WHISKED OFF TO THE NICU. 654 00:38:14,893 --> 00:38:17,329 THERE WERE A LOT OF PEOPLE IN THE ROOM. 655 00:38:17,363 --> 00:38:20,065 I PROBABLY GOT TO HOLD HIM 656 00:38:20,098 --> 00:38:22,534 MAYBE FIVE DAYS AFTER HE WAS BORN. 657 00:38:22,568 --> 00:38:27,005 I WAS PREGNANT WITH TWINS. I DELIVERED AT 36 WEEKS. 658 00:38:27,038 --> 00:38:28,974 I HAD A C-SECTION. 659 00:38:29,007 --> 00:38:33,545 THEY GAVE ME CHLOE AND TAL FOR MAYBE A FEW MINUTES. 660 00:38:33,579 --> 00:38:36,715 I DON'T THINK EVEN A FEW MINUTES AND THEN THEY TOOK THEM AWAY, 661 00:38:36,748 --> 00:38:39,385 AND CHLOE HAD TO GO UNDER OBSERVATION. 662 00:38:39,418 --> 00:38:41,787 I THINK HER BREATHING WAS A LITTLE BIT QUESTIONABLE, 663 00:38:41,820 --> 00:38:45,424 BUT SHE WAS FINE, AND TAL WAS FINE. 664 00:38:45,457 --> 00:38:49,628 AND I DIDN'T REALLY SEE THEM FOR HOURS AFTER THAT. 665 00:38:49,661 --> 00:38:53,365 Katrina: THERE ARE PEOPLE THERE TO TAKE CARE OF YOUR BABY. 666 00:38:53,399 --> 00:38:56,668 THEY ENCOURAGE YOU TO GO HOME AND GET REST 667 00:38:56,702 --> 00:38:59,605 SO YOU'LL BE RESTED UP WHEN THE BABY DOES COME HOME. 668 00:38:59,638 --> 00:39:03,909 SO IF YOU ARE A LITTLE DIFFERENT, 669 00:39:03,942 --> 00:39:07,446 THEN YOU KIND OF STICK OUT LIKE A SORE THUMB 670 00:39:07,479 --> 00:39:09,648 IF YOU DO WANT TO BE THERE. 671 00:39:09,681 --> 00:39:12,684 ALL THEY HAVE IS JUST STANDARD CHAIRS. 672 00:39:12,718 --> 00:39:17,389 SO THEY GOT A BIGGER CHAIR THAT LET UP FOR ME. 673 00:39:20,025 --> 00:39:23,161 I HAD TO SLEEP AT THE NICU IN A CHAIR. 674 00:39:23,194 --> 00:39:25,130 YES, I DID. 675 00:39:27,499 --> 00:39:29,801 Jennifer narrating: SEPARATING BABIES FROM THEIR MOTHERS 676 00:39:29,835 --> 00:39:32,804 IS UNIQUE TO THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES. 677 00:39:48,520 --> 00:39:49,988 WHEN THEY CUT THE CORD AND PUT THE BABY OFF 678 00:39:50,021 --> 00:39:52,658 IN THE WARMER AND STIMULATE IT, 679 00:39:52,691 --> 00:39:54,793 WHAT THEY CALL IT, TO GET IT TO CRY, 680 00:39:54,826 --> 00:39:57,463 THAT ACTUALLY PUTS THE BABY INTO DISTRESS, 681 00:39:57,496 --> 00:39:59,431 INTO SURVIVAL MODE. 682 00:39:59,465 --> 00:40:03,702 IT HAS TO TRY TO TAKE CARE OF ITSELF ON ITS OWN. 683 00:40:03,735 --> 00:40:07,673 WITH MY SON, HE WAS AN EMERGENCY C-SECTION DELIVERY. 684 00:40:07,706 --> 00:40:09,174 IT WAS HORRIBLE. 685 00:40:09,207 --> 00:40:11,777 I MEAN, I SAW HIM BRIEFLY WHEN HE WAS BORN 686 00:40:11,810 --> 00:40:14,079 HE WAS ALL WRAPPED UP, AND ALL I SAW WERE THESE LITTLE-- 687 00:40:14,112 --> 00:40:16,582 YOU KNOW, HIS LIKE EYES AND NOSE AND IT WAS LIKE, 688 00:40:16,615 --> 00:40:19,050 "HERE'S YOUR SON!" AND THEN HE WAS GONE. 689 00:40:19,084 --> 00:40:22,521 THEY WHISKED HIM OFF TO, I GUESS, YOU KNOW, TEST HIM, 690 00:40:22,554 --> 00:40:24,089 BATHE HIM, WHATEVER THEY WERE GOING TO DO WITH HIM. 691 00:40:24,122 --> 00:40:26,191 OVERALL, I JUST FELT VERY REMOVED 692 00:40:26,224 --> 00:40:29,961 AND LIKE SOMETHING VERY FOREIGN HAD JUST HAPPENED. 693 00:40:29,995 --> 00:40:34,032 I DON'T EVEN REMEMBER HOLDING HIM FOR SEVERAL HOURS. 694 00:40:34,065 --> 00:40:36,735 I DON'T-- I KNOW THAT I DIDN'T HAVE SKIN-TO-SKIN 695 00:40:36,768 --> 00:40:40,005 WITH HIM UNTIL AT LEAST THE SECOND DAY. 696 00:40:42,841 --> 00:40:44,643 IT JUST WAS ALL VERY HAZY, 697 00:40:44,676 --> 00:40:47,479 AND I DIDN'T FEEL VERY IN CONTROL OF WHAT WAS GOING ON. 698 00:40:47,513 --> 00:40:51,049 IT FELT LIKE I WASN'T REALLY THERE. 699 00:40:55,153 --> 00:40:57,689 THE BABY'S BIO-PHYSICAL RESPONSE 700 00:40:57,723 --> 00:41:02,828 TO HIS ENVIRONMENT CHANGES WHEN HE'S NOT IN HER ARMS. 701 00:41:02,861 --> 00:41:06,231 EVERYTHING IS DIFFERENT DURING SEPARATION. 702 00:41:06,264 --> 00:41:09,901 Jennifer narrating: DR. LOUISE DUMAS HAS DONE EXTENSIVE RESEARCH 703 00:41:09,935 --> 00:41:13,204 ON THE EFFECTS OF SEPARATION AND SKIN-TO-SKIN CARE 704 00:41:13,238 --> 00:41:16,074 OF BABIES IMMEDIATELY AFTER BIRTH. 705 00:41:16,107 --> 00:41:20,812 THERE'S SOMETHING GOING ON WITHIN THOSE TWO FIRST HOURS, 706 00:41:20,846 --> 00:41:24,282 AND WE CALL IT A SENSITIVE PERIOD BECAUSE THE BABIES 707 00:41:24,315 --> 00:41:27,886 THAT HAVE BEEN SEPARATED DON'T BEHAVE THE SAME WAY. 708 00:41:27,919 --> 00:41:31,557 THE MOTHERS DON'T BEHAVE THE SAME WAY WITH THOSE BABIES, 709 00:41:31,590 --> 00:41:33,859 AND THE BABIES DON'T REACT THE SAME WAY. 710 00:41:37,563 --> 00:41:40,532 Jennifer narrating: THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS 711 00:41:40,566 --> 00:41:43,101 RECOGNIZES THE BENEFITS OF SKIN-TO-SKIN 712 00:41:43,134 --> 00:41:46,805 AND ACTUALLY RECOMMENDS IT AS HOSPITAL POLICY. 713 00:41:46,838 --> 00:41:49,641 YET IT IS DEFINITELY NOT THE NORM. 714 00:41:59,785 --> 00:42:02,821 WHY WOULD THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS 715 00:42:02,854 --> 00:42:06,792 RECOMMEND IMMEDIATE SKIN-TO-SKIN BUT NOT MAKE SURE 716 00:42:06,825 --> 00:42:09,661 IT IS ENFORCED IN ALL HOSPITALS? 717 00:42:11,262 --> 00:42:12,831 IT'S INTERESTING TO NOTE 718 00:42:12,864 --> 00:42:16,001 THAT A LOT OF OUR PRACTICE SEEMS TO BE 719 00:42:16,034 --> 00:42:18,737 OUT OF CONVENIENCE RATHER THAN SCIENCE. 720 00:42:18,770 --> 00:42:21,973 WE TALK A LOT ABOUT EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 721 00:42:22,007 --> 00:42:24,843 AND HOW IMPORTANT IT IS TO HAVE SCIENCE 722 00:42:24,876 --> 00:42:28,714 BEHIND THE THINGS THAT WE TEACH AND THE THINGS THAT WE DO. 723 00:42:28,747 --> 00:42:32,350 AND YET, TO MY KNOWLEDGE, THERE IS NO SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE 724 00:42:32,383 --> 00:42:36,321 ANYWHERE THAT SAYS THAT IT'S GOOD, HEALTHY, 725 00:42:36,354 --> 00:42:41,359 OKAY FOR A MOTHER AND HER BABY TO BE SEPARATED. 726 00:42:41,392 --> 00:42:43,094 IT'S FUNDAMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY-- 727 00:42:43,128 --> 00:42:46,998 CONTACT CHANGES THE CLINICAL DIRECTION 728 00:42:47,032 --> 00:42:48,333 OF A BABY'S DEVELOPMENT. 729 00:42:59,277 --> 00:43:02,347 Jennifer narrating: AT ST. JOSEPH, THEY PROVIDE FAMILY BEDS 730 00:43:02,380 --> 00:43:04,282 SO THAT BOTH MOTHER AND FATHER 731 00:43:04,315 --> 00:43:07,719 CAN STAY WITH THEIR BABY AFTER BIRTH. 732 00:43:07,753 --> 00:43:09,655 SOMETHING THAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU HAVE YOUR BABY 733 00:43:09,688 --> 00:43:14,192 CLOSE TO YOU AT NIGHT IS THAT THEY LEARN 734 00:43:14,225 --> 00:43:18,830 TO BREATHE REGULARLY BY BEING NEAR YOU. 735 00:43:18,864 --> 00:43:22,868 THEIR HEART LEARNS TO BEAT REGULARLY 736 00:43:22,901 --> 00:43:26,071 BY BEING NEXT TO YOU. IT'S CALLED ENTRAINMENT. 737 00:43:26,104 --> 00:43:29,374 SOMETIMES BABIES FALL OUT OF SYNCHRONICITY. 738 00:43:29,407 --> 00:43:30,909 SO WHEN THEY'RE WITH THEIR PARENTS 739 00:43:30,942 --> 00:43:33,011 THEY HAVE SOMETHING TO REMIND THEM. 740 00:44:21,359 --> 00:44:24,395 Jennifer narrating: AT ST. JOSEPH, THEY ALSO ENCOURAGE PARENTS 741 00:44:24,429 --> 00:44:26,865 TO CO-SLEEP WITH THEIR BABIES AFTER BIRTH 742 00:44:26,898 --> 00:44:30,201 AND TO CONTINUE THIS PRACTICE EVEN WHEN THEY GO HOME. 743 00:44:36,341 --> 00:44:40,411 YOU'RE TOO BIG. YOU WILL SMOTHER THE INFANT. 744 00:44:40,445 --> 00:44:42,080 BABIES ARE DYING. 745 00:44:42,113 --> 00:44:44,349 BECAUSE THEY WERE PUT IN AN UNSAFE SLEEP ENVIRONMENT. 746 00:44:44,382 --> 00:44:47,452 A NEW AD CAMPAIGN WILL HELP SAVE INFANT LIVES. 747 00:44:47,485 --> 00:44:49,320 THE NEW CAMPAIGN TO CONVINCE PARENTS 748 00:44:49,354 --> 00:44:51,790 TO PUT THEIR BABIES IN A CRIB. 749 00:44:51,823 --> 00:44:53,258 WE THINK IT'S CLEAR. 750 00:44:53,291 --> 00:44:54,860 WE DON'T THINK THAT THERE IS ANY DEBATE. 751 00:44:54,893 --> 00:44:56,261 WE DON'T THINK THERE IS "SAFE" WAY 752 00:44:56,294 --> 00:44:57,796 TO SHARE A BED WITH YOUR BABY. 753 00:44:57,829 --> 00:44:59,931 IT IS ABSOLUTELY NOT TRUE 754 00:44:59,965 --> 00:45:01,499 THAT CO-SLEEPING IS INHERENTLY DANGEROUS. 755 00:45:01,532 --> 00:45:03,368 IF THAT WERE TRUE, 756 00:45:03,401 --> 00:45:06,104 NONE OF US WOULD BE HERE HAVING THIS CONVERSATION. 757 00:45:06,137 --> 00:45:09,007 Jennifer narrating: DR. JAMES McKENNA IS A PROFESSOR 758 00:45:09,040 --> 00:45:11,009 OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME 759 00:45:11,042 --> 00:45:13,178 AND IS THE WORLD'S LEADING AUTHORITY 760 00:45:13,211 --> 00:45:16,147 ON MOTHER-INFANT CO-SLEEPING. 761 00:45:16,181 --> 00:45:20,318 HE CONDUCTS HIS RESEARCH IN A SLEEP LAB IN THE DARK 762 00:45:20,351 --> 00:45:23,054 USING ONLY INFRARED LIGHT. 763 00:45:23,088 --> 00:45:25,757 THE FOOTAGE SHOWS THE LOVE AND AFFECTION 764 00:45:25,791 --> 00:45:28,159 A BED-SHARING BABY RECEIVES AT NIGHT 765 00:45:28,193 --> 00:45:31,429 THAT IS NOT AVAILABLE TO AN INFANT SLEEPING ALONE. 766 00:45:31,462 --> 00:45:33,498 THE ONLY WAY BABIES HAVE SURVIVED 767 00:45:33,531 --> 00:45:35,400 THROUGH THE MILLENNIA AND THROUGHOUT 768 00:45:35,433 --> 00:45:38,269 OUR ENTIRE EVOLUTION IS BY VIRTUE 769 00:45:38,303 --> 00:45:40,371 OF SLEEPING NEXT TO THEIR MOTHERS FOR BREASTFEEDING. 770 00:45:40,405 --> 00:45:42,874 WE ARE A CULTURE THAT FOR ABOUT A 100 YEARS 771 00:45:42,908 --> 00:45:45,176 HAVE ALWAYS THOUGHT THAT CO-SLEEPING WITH YOUR BABY 772 00:45:45,210 --> 00:45:47,779 WAS ODD, UNUSUAL, AND STRANGE. 773 00:45:47,813 --> 00:45:50,782 WE WERE AND ARE PERHAPS THE ONLY SOCIETY IN THE WORLD 774 00:45:50,816 --> 00:45:52,851 FOR WHICH THOSE THOUGHTS WOULD BE ACCEPTABLE 775 00:45:52,884 --> 00:45:54,352 OR EVEN CONSIDERED. 776 00:45:56,254 --> 00:45:58,824 Chantal: THERE HAVE BEEN SEVERAL PUBLIC HEALTH CAMPAIGNS 777 00:45:58,857 --> 00:46:00,558 THAT HAVE SHOWN PHOTOGRAPHS OF NEWBORN BABIES 778 00:46:00,591 --> 00:46:03,995 WITH A BUTCHER KNIFE IN THE BED WITH THEM. 779 00:46:04,029 --> 00:46:07,498 THEY ARE NOT LOOKING AT THE COMPETENCE OF BABIES. 780 00:46:07,532 --> 00:46:11,236 SO WHAT THE MEDIA IS NOT NECESSARILY DISTINGUISHING 781 00:46:11,269 --> 00:46:16,207 IS SAFE CO-SLEEPING CONTEXTS AND SITUATIONS FROM UNSAFE ONES. 782 00:46:16,241 --> 00:46:19,845 YOU HAVE TO KEEP IN MIND THAT THE HUMAN INFANT IS BORN 783 00:46:19,878 --> 00:46:21,980 NEUROLOGICALLY AND DEVELOPMENTALLY 784 00:46:22,013 --> 00:46:24,983 TO ENGAGE IN A CO-SLEEPING ENVIRONMENT. 785 00:46:25,016 --> 00:46:27,018 IN OTHER WORDS, THE BABY IS DESIGNED 786 00:46:27,052 --> 00:46:29,587 TO SLEEP NEXT TO THE PARENT AND/OR THE MOTHER 787 00:46:29,620 --> 00:46:31,489 AND PARTICULARLY A BREASTFEEDING MOTHER. 788 00:46:31,522 --> 00:46:34,125 EVERY OTHER CULTURE KNOWS THAT THE CLOSER A MOTHER 789 00:46:34,159 --> 00:46:36,327 AND BABY ARE AND THE MORE TIME THEY SPEND TOGETHER, 790 00:46:36,361 --> 00:46:38,163 THE MORE BREASTFEEDING SUCCEEDS. 791 00:46:38,196 --> 00:46:40,098 AND THE MORE BREASTFEEDING SUCCEEDS, 792 00:46:40,131 --> 00:46:43,201 THE LESS LIKELY IT IS THAT A BABY WILL GET SICK, 793 00:46:43,234 --> 00:46:44,802 THAT A BABY WILL DIE. 794 00:46:47,638 --> 00:46:49,407 James: FOR BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS, 795 00:46:49,440 --> 00:46:52,010 CO-SLEEPING NEXT TO YOUR BABY IS INCOMPARABLE. 796 00:46:52,043 --> 00:46:54,345 THE CLOSER THE BABY TO THE MOTHER, 797 00:46:54,379 --> 00:46:56,581 THE GREATER THE NUMBERS OF BREASTFEEDS, 798 00:46:56,614 --> 00:46:59,484 AND THAT OF COURSE INCREASES MOTHER'S MILK SUPPLY 799 00:46:59,517 --> 00:47:01,519 AND IT PERMITS MOTHER TO MANAGE THAT MILK 800 00:47:01,552 --> 00:47:05,223 AND HER BABY AND HER SLEEP IN A MUCH MORE COMFORTABLE 801 00:47:05,256 --> 00:47:06,858 AND/OR EFFICIENT WAY. 802 00:47:06,892 --> 00:47:08,626 Chantal: IN THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT, 803 00:47:08,659 --> 00:47:11,162 A BREASTFED BABY CAN SMELL WHERE THE FOOD IS, 804 00:47:11,196 --> 00:47:13,331 THEY KNOW WHERE THE FOOD IS, AND THEY CAN NAVIGATE 805 00:47:13,364 --> 00:47:15,901 IN THE DARK AND ACTUALLY LATCH THEMSELVES ON 806 00:47:15,934 --> 00:47:18,870 WITHOUT EVEN WAKING THE MOTHER UP. 807 00:47:18,904 --> 00:47:23,241 IT ACTUALLY CREATES A HIGH LEVEL OF COMPETENCE IN A NEWBORN BABY. 808 00:48:00,478 --> 00:48:03,048 Jennifer narrating: MOTHERS AT ST. JOSEPH 809 00:48:03,081 --> 00:48:05,951 WITH PREMATURE BABIES HAVE TREMENDOUS SUPPORT 810 00:48:05,984 --> 00:48:08,954 FROM THE DOCTORS AND NURSES SO THEIR BABIES LEARN 811 00:48:08,987 --> 00:48:11,256 TO BREASTFEED FROM THE VERY BEGINNING. 812 00:48:29,274 --> 00:48:31,309 Chris: WEIGHT WAS 980 GRAMS. 813 00:48:35,246 --> 00:48:39,350 KATRIN CAME AND EXPLAINED TO ME, "MAY I TOUCH YOUR BREAST?" 814 00:48:39,384 --> 00:48:42,487 AND, "THIS IS WHAT I'M DOING, TAKING THE VERY FIRST MILK," 815 00:48:42,520 --> 00:48:44,689 Chris: PUMPING IT FIRST AND THEN PUTTING IT IN A LITTLE SYRINGE, 816 00:48:44,722 --> 00:48:48,193 AND SHE HAD A FEEDING TUBE THAT WENT IN THROUGH HER NOSE. 817 00:48:48,226 --> 00:48:50,195 SO WE HAD TO FEED HER WITH A SYRINGE THROUGH HER NOSE. 818 00:48:50,228 --> 00:48:53,731 AND THE NURSES CAME IN AND DID IT THE FIRST TIME 819 00:48:53,764 --> 00:48:55,300 AND THEY SHOWED US HOW TO DO IT 820 00:48:55,333 --> 00:48:57,235 AND HOW FAST TO PRESS THE PLUNGER 821 00:48:57,268 --> 00:48:59,070 AND JUST DO IT GENTLY IN STAGES AND THIS AND THAT. 822 00:48:59,104 --> 00:49:01,706 I REMEMBER HER LITTLE HEAD AND COMPARED TO MY BREASTS. 823 00:49:01,739 --> 00:49:03,608 I THOUGHT, THAT'LL NEVER WORK. 824 00:49:03,641 --> 00:49:07,445 BUT THEN, UM, KATRIN CAME OVER AND SAID, 825 00:49:07,478 --> 00:49:10,548 "OH, NO PROBLEM ,THEY HAVE A FLEXIBLE JAW." 826 00:49:10,581 --> 00:49:12,550 SHE OPENED HER MOUTH AND-- ( pops ) 827 00:50:00,698 --> 00:50:03,068 Jennifer narrating: THESE BABIES GAIN SUFFICIENT WEIGHT 828 00:50:03,101 --> 00:50:05,036 BY NURSING AT THEIR OWN PACE. 829 00:50:05,070 --> 00:50:08,106 AND THEY EVALUATE EACH BABY INDIVIDUALLY 830 00:50:08,139 --> 00:50:10,775 BASED ON THEIR OWN UNIQUE SET OF NEEDS. 831 00:50:14,245 --> 00:50:16,281 THEY HAVE SUCH A PROFOUND TRUST 832 00:50:16,314 --> 00:50:18,683 IN A BABY'S ABILITY TO BREASTFEED 833 00:50:18,716 --> 00:50:22,387 AND IN THE MOTHER'S ABILITY TO PROVIDE FOR HER BABY. 834 00:50:22,420 --> 00:50:24,789 SINCE GOING BABY-FRIENDLY, 835 00:50:24,822 --> 00:50:27,458 THE NUMBER OF WOMEN WHO HAVE CHOSEN TO GIVE BIRTH 836 00:50:27,492 --> 00:50:31,396 AT ST. JOSEPH HAS INCREASED BY 110%. 837 00:50:37,368 --> 00:50:39,537 I CAN'T HELP BUT THINK OF THE MANY MOTHERS 838 00:50:39,570 --> 00:50:41,472 I HAVE WORKED WITH IN AMERICA 839 00:50:41,506 --> 00:50:44,575 AND HOW DIFFERENT THEIR EXPERIENCES COULD HAVE BEEN 840 00:50:44,609 --> 00:50:46,677 IF THEY HAD BEEN GIVEN THE SAME SUPPORT 841 00:50:46,711 --> 00:50:48,446 THESE MOTHERS HAVE RECEIVED. 842 00:50:51,582 --> 00:50:53,518 Wendy Slusser: A LOT OF PEOPLE SAY, "WE DON'T WANT TO LAY GUILT 843 00:50:53,551 --> 00:50:55,286 ON THESE WOMEN." 844 00:50:55,320 --> 00:50:58,656 MY READ ON LITERATURE IS THAT THE WOMEN WHO CHOOSE 845 00:50:58,689 --> 00:51:02,293 NOT TO BREASTFEED ARE MAKING A VERY CONSCIOUS CHOICE, 846 00:51:02,327 --> 00:51:03,828 AND THEY DON'T FEEL GUILTY. 847 00:51:03,861 --> 00:51:06,197 IT'S THE WOMEN WHO FAIL THEIR GOALS, 848 00:51:06,231 --> 00:51:08,366 THEY'RE THE ONES WHO FEEL GUILTY. 849 00:51:08,399 --> 00:51:10,501 AND THEY'RE FAILING NOT BECAUSE OF THEMSELVES. 850 00:51:10,535 --> 00:51:13,471 THEY'RE FAILING BECAUSE OF PEOPLE OR INSTITUTIONS 851 00:51:13,504 --> 00:51:16,607 LIKE HOSPITALS THAT DON'T SUPPORT THESE WOMEN. 852 00:51:16,641 --> 00:51:20,211 Jennifer narrating: MANY WOMEN IN AMERICA ENTER THE HOSPITAL 853 00:51:20,245 --> 00:51:22,180 WITH EVERY INTENTION TO BREASTFEED, 854 00:51:22,213 --> 00:51:25,850 BUT OFTEN, IT'S NOT THAT SIMPLE. 855 00:51:25,883 --> 00:51:30,655 WE ARE IN A SOCIETY THAT SPENDS A LOT OF TIME 856 00:51:30,688 --> 00:51:33,591 DOING THE OPPOSITE OF EMPOWERING WOMEN. 857 00:51:33,624 --> 00:51:38,763 I THINK WOMEN IN MY OPINION GO INTO HOSPITALS 858 00:51:38,796 --> 00:51:42,367 FEELING LIKE THEY CAN'T DO THIS BY THEMSELVES. 859 00:51:42,400 --> 00:51:44,635 THIS IS A PROCESS THAT SOMEBODY ELSE 860 00:51:44,669 --> 00:51:47,705 IS IN CHARGE OF THAT IS DONE ON A DOCTOR'S CLOCK. 861 00:51:47,738 --> 00:51:50,408 AND I THINK THAT NURSING IS VERY MUCH THE SAME THING. 862 00:51:50,441 --> 00:51:54,245 I THINK THAT THEY HAVE THEIR CONFIDENCE RUINED 863 00:51:54,279 --> 00:51:56,747 BY PEOPLE SAYING, "OH, YOU'RE GOING TO NURSE? 864 00:51:56,781 --> 00:52:00,918 GOOD LUCK WITH THAT," PERPETUATING THIS CYCLE 865 00:52:00,951 --> 00:52:04,922 OF PEOPLE DOUBTING THEMSELVES. 866 00:52:04,955 --> 00:52:06,524 THE NURSES BROUGHT THE BABIES. 867 00:52:06,557 --> 00:52:09,527 THE ASSUMPTION WAS THAT I WAS TO BREASTFEED. 868 00:52:09,560 --> 00:52:12,330 I HAD A PUMP IN MY ROOM, 869 00:52:12,363 --> 00:52:16,634 AND I WAS INSTRUCTED TO PUMP EVERY 15 MINUTES. 870 00:52:16,667 --> 00:52:18,803 AND SOMEONE SHOWED ME HOW TO USE THE DEVICE, 871 00:52:18,836 --> 00:52:20,905 AND I'VE NEVER-- JUST ONCE, 872 00:52:20,938 --> 00:52:22,640 AND IT WAS SOMETHING THAT WAS VERY FOREIGN TO ME. 873 00:52:22,673 --> 00:52:24,442 I DIDN'T REALLY KNOW HOW TO USE IT. 874 00:52:24,475 --> 00:52:26,711 Suzanne: WE ASKED TO SEE THE LACTATION CONSULTANT, 875 00:52:26,744 --> 00:52:28,746 BUT WE WERE TOLD THAT IT WAS A WEEKEND, 876 00:52:28,779 --> 00:52:31,549 AND THEY WEREN'T AVAILABLE UNTIL THE NEXT DAY 877 00:52:31,582 --> 00:52:33,551 AND THAT WE WOULD BE LOW A PRIORITY LIST 878 00:52:33,584 --> 00:52:36,287 BECAUSE WE WERE NURSING WELL, AND I SAID TO THE NURSES, 879 00:52:36,321 --> 00:52:37,822 "I DON'T THINK HE'S NURSING WELL. 880 00:52:37,855 --> 00:52:40,358 HE KEEPS TRYING TO LATCH, 881 00:52:40,391 --> 00:52:42,927 AND HE IMMEDIATELY PULLS OFF AND JUST SCREAMS." 882 00:52:42,960 --> 00:52:45,530 I WASN'T FEELING VERY SUPPORTED 883 00:52:45,563 --> 00:52:48,599 BY THE LACTATION STAFF AT THE HOSPITAL. 884 00:52:48,633 --> 00:52:52,837 I WAS ABLE TO START TRYING WITH THE BREASTFEEDING 885 00:52:52,870 --> 00:52:57,575 WHEN HE WAS CLOSER TO COMING HOME, I WOULD SAY. 886 00:52:57,608 --> 00:52:59,777 SO HE WAS IN THE NICU FOR TEN WEEKS. 887 00:52:59,810 --> 00:53:02,947 MAYBE AROUND THE FIVE- OR SIX-WEEK MARK 888 00:53:02,980 --> 00:53:05,383 IS WHEN WE GOT TO THAT POINT. 889 00:53:08,853 --> 00:53:10,755 IT WAS, YOU KNOW, ABOUT MIDNIGHT, 890 00:53:10,788 --> 00:53:12,557 AND THE NURSE CAME IN AND JUST SAID, 891 00:53:12,590 --> 00:53:14,659 "YOU JUST SQUEEZE YOUR BOOB TOGETHER LIKE THIS, 892 00:53:14,692 --> 00:53:16,861 AND YOU PUT THE BABY ON." 893 00:53:16,894 --> 00:53:19,864 AND SO I TRIED THAT, AND I DIDN'T REALLY KNOW 894 00:53:19,897 --> 00:53:21,566 IF I WAS DOING IT RIGHT. 895 00:53:21,599 --> 00:53:25,703 IT DIDN'T FEEL OKAY, AND WITHIN A FEW HOURS, 896 00:53:25,736 --> 00:53:27,905 I WAS BLEEDING A LOT FROM MY NIPPLES, 897 00:53:27,938 --> 00:53:29,374 AND IT WAS SUPER PAINFUL. 898 00:53:31,976 --> 00:53:34,245 Jennifer narrating: WHEN WOMEN COME HOME FROM THE HOSPITAL, 899 00:53:34,279 --> 00:53:37,915 THEY OFTEN STRUGGLE EVEN MORE. 900 00:53:37,948 --> 00:53:40,918 WHEN YOU COME HOME FROM THE HOSPITAL WITH A NEW BABY, 901 00:53:40,951 --> 00:53:43,254 IT'S-- EVERY SINGLE THING IS NEW. 902 00:53:43,288 --> 00:53:45,590 YOUR ENTIRE LIFE HAS TURNED UPSIDE DOWN, 903 00:53:45,623 --> 00:53:48,959 AND FOR ME TO HAVE MULTIPLE CHALLENGES WITH BREASTFEEDING 904 00:53:48,993 --> 00:53:51,862 ON TOP OF JUST ADJUSTING TO NEW MOTHERHOOD 905 00:53:51,896 --> 00:53:55,566 WAS JUST OVERWHELMING TO ME. 906 00:53:55,600 --> 00:53:59,337 HE WASN'T GAINING WEIGHT AS FAST AS HE WAS EXPECTED TO, 907 00:53:59,370 --> 00:54:02,473 AND THAT JUST MEANT MORE BREAST MILK, 908 00:54:02,507 --> 00:54:07,378 AND THEN THAT MEANT MORE FEAR AND STRESS AND ANXIETY 909 00:54:07,412 --> 00:54:09,580 ABOUT WHETHER OR NOT I WAS GONNA BE ABLE TO DO THIS. 910 00:54:12,783 --> 00:54:16,454 A WOMAN IS VERY VULNERABLE AT THIS TIME IN HER LIFE. 911 00:54:16,487 --> 00:54:21,826 AND THE SLIGHTEST WORD SUCH AS "YOU HAVE FLAT NIPPLES," 912 00:54:21,859 --> 00:54:23,794 THAT IN A WOMAN'S MIND COULD STOP HER 913 00:54:23,828 --> 00:54:25,630 RIGHT FROM THE GET-GO THINKING THAT, 914 00:54:25,663 --> 00:54:27,898 OH, I DON'T HAVE WHAT IT TAKES. 915 00:54:27,932 --> 00:54:30,768 Amelia: ABOUT SIX MONTHS INTO NURSING, 916 00:54:30,801 --> 00:54:34,305 AND, YOU KNOW, I HAD NO SUPPLY PROBLEMS AT ALL. 917 00:54:34,339 --> 00:54:37,675 MY SON WAS THRIVING, WAS GAINING WEIGHT LIKE A CHAMPION. 918 00:54:37,708 --> 00:54:42,547 AND IT TOOK ONE COMMENT FROM A FAMILY MEMBER 919 00:54:42,580 --> 00:54:45,583 QUESTIONING HOW LONG MY SUPPLY WOULD LAST, 920 00:54:45,616 --> 00:54:47,652 FOR MY SUPPLY TO ACTUALLY DIP. 921 00:54:47,685 --> 00:54:50,588 IT WAS WITHIN TWO DAYS OF SOMEONE INSTILLING 922 00:54:50,621 --> 00:54:52,890 ONE LITTLE SEED OF DOUBT IN MY MIND. 923 00:54:52,923 --> 00:54:54,992 I THINK AFTER ABOUT A WEEK OF BEING HOME, I STARTED REAL-- 924 00:54:55,025 --> 00:54:57,762 OR MAYBE A FEW DAYS, I STARTED REALLY STRESSING OUT 925 00:54:57,795 --> 00:55:00,064 THAT THIS BREASTFEEDING THING WASN'T WORKING. 926 00:55:00,097 --> 00:55:05,035 SO I DECIDED TO GO TO MY LOCAL BREASTFEEDING SUPPORT CENTER, 927 00:55:05,069 --> 00:55:09,073 AND THE LACTATION CONSULTANT THERE SAID 928 00:55:09,106 --> 00:55:12,042 THAT SHE DOESN'T KNOW IF MY MILK WILL EVER COME IN. 929 00:55:12,076 --> 00:55:15,380 AND SHE-- I MEAN, IT WAS VERY TRAUMATIC FOR ME. 930 00:55:15,413 --> 00:55:18,949 SHE LIFTED MY BOOBS UP WITH KIND OF DISGUST LIKE THIS 931 00:55:18,983 --> 00:55:21,519 AND SAID, "HMM, I DON'T THINK YOUR MILK'S GOING TO COME IN. 932 00:55:21,552 --> 00:55:23,020 I DON'T KNOW IF IT WILL EVER WILL." 933 00:55:23,053 --> 00:55:25,490 I WAS DEVASTATED, AND I THINK LIKE I CAME HOME 934 00:55:25,523 --> 00:55:28,092 AND CRIED AND CRIED, AND, UM... 935 00:55:30,995 --> 00:55:32,797 THEN I TALKED TO MY FRIEND MEGAN 936 00:55:32,830 --> 00:55:35,933 WHO SAID THAT I SHOULD CALL JENNIFER. 937 00:55:35,966 --> 00:55:38,869 SHE CAME OVER, AND IT WAS COMPLETELY DIFFERENT. 938 00:55:38,903 --> 00:55:40,538 SHE WAS SO ENCOURAGING. 939 00:55:40,571 --> 00:55:43,641 SHE BROUGHT THE LITTLE THING, THE TUBE THING 940 00:55:43,674 --> 00:55:45,109 THAT YOU STICK ONTO THE NIPPLE 941 00:55:45,142 --> 00:55:46,944 THE FEELS LIKE THE BABY'S BREASTFEEDING. 942 00:55:46,977 --> 00:55:50,615 IT JUST WAS-- REALLY MADE THE DIFFERENCE 943 00:55:50,648 --> 00:55:53,451 AND I JUST LIKE-- WHEN I THINK ABOUT THAT, 944 00:55:53,484 --> 00:55:56,053 LIKE, I FEEL IF I HAD JENNIFER FROM THE BEGINNING, 945 00:55:56,086 --> 00:55:59,123 IT WOULD'VE BEEN TOTALLY DIFFERENT, SO... 946 00:56:04,895 --> 00:56:08,098 I THINK WOMEN ARE SURROUNDED BY A LOT MORE PEOPLE 947 00:56:08,132 --> 00:56:10,668 WHO ARE READY TO HELP THEM FAIL 948 00:56:10,701 --> 00:56:13,604 AND ALLOW THEM TO FAIL THAN TO HELP THEM SUCCEED. 949 00:56:23,481 --> 00:56:26,016 Jennifer narrating: I ORIGINALLY CAME TO ST. JOSEPH 950 00:56:26,050 --> 00:56:29,587 TO SEE THE EFFECTS OF SKIN-TO-SKIN AND KANGAROO CARE. 951 00:56:29,620 --> 00:56:32,623 BUT I HAVE COME AWAY FROM THIS EXPERIENCE 952 00:56:32,657 --> 00:56:34,559 WITH SOMETHING MUCH MORE PROFOUND. 953 00:56:34,592 --> 00:56:37,595 IT IS NOT JUST ABOUT THE HOSPITAL'S POLICIES, 954 00:56:37,628 --> 00:56:42,433 IT'S ABOUT TRUSTING THE BOND BETWEEN MOTHER AND CHILD. 955 00:56:46,971 --> 00:56:51,576 THE BERLIN WALL, A SYMBOL OF A COUNTRY DIVIDED, 956 00:56:51,609 --> 00:56:55,680 MOTHERS, FATHERS, BROTHERS AND SISTERS, 957 00:56:55,713 --> 00:56:57,147 FAMILIES TORN APART. 958 00:56:59,116 --> 00:57:00,818 IN THE UNITED STATES, 959 00:57:00,851 --> 00:57:04,021 ARE WE CREATING AN INVINCIBLE WALL OF OUR OWN 960 00:57:04,054 --> 00:57:06,591 BETWEEN MOTHERS AND THEIR BABIES? 961 00:57:43,127 --> 00:57:46,664 WE KNEW THAT SWEDEN HAD ONE OF THE HIGHEST BREASTFEEDING RATES. 962 00:57:46,697 --> 00:57:48,599 SO WE FIGURED WE ARE CLOSE ENOUGH. 963 00:57:48,633 --> 00:57:50,267 I CAN TELL YOU THAT WE'VE ALREADY SEEN 964 00:57:50,300 --> 00:57:53,671 WOMEN BREASTFEEDING IN PUBLIC ALL OVER THE PLACE. 965 00:57:57,875 --> 00:58:00,945 Scott Montgomery: HISTORICALLY, SWEDEN, IF YOU GO BACK TO '60s, 966 00:58:00,978 --> 00:58:03,748 FROM COUNTRIES OUTSIDE SWEDEN, IT WAS SEEN 967 00:58:03,781 --> 00:58:05,616 AS A VERY ADVANCED COUNTRY 968 00:58:05,650 --> 00:58:08,653 WHERE YOU WOULD SEE MORE NUDITY. 969 00:58:08,686 --> 00:58:12,557 IT ISN'T AS SHOCKING TO SEE A WOMAN BREASTFEEDING HERE. 970 00:58:12,590 --> 00:58:17,695 WE DON'T HAVE THIS SHYNESS ABOUT THE BREAST. 971 00:58:17,728 --> 00:58:22,266 A CHILD WHO IS BREASTFEEDING, IS A VERY NICE THING TO SEE. 972 00:58:22,299 --> 00:58:24,735 ( woman speaking Swedish ) 973 00:58:36,013 --> 00:58:38,282 Scott: WHEN I FIRST CAME TO SWEDEN I WAS SURPRISED 974 00:58:38,315 --> 00:58:40,551 BY THE RATES OF BREASTFEEDING HERE 975 00:58:40,585 --> 00:58:41,986 BECAUSE THEY ARE STRIKINGLY HIGH. 976 00:58:45,222 --> 00:58:49,159 WHEN I GIVE BIRTH TO MY SON NICHOLAS, 977 00:58:49,193 --> 00:58:53,931 THAT IS ALMOST SEVEN YEARS AGO, EVERYBODY TOLD ME, 978 00:58:53,964 --> 00:58:59,770 "OH, YOU HAVE TO BREASTFEED," AND THAT WAS THE MAIN THING. 979 00:58:59,804 --> 00:59:02,239 BUT THEN I REALIZED THAT IT'S NOT THAT EASY. 980 00:59:02,272 --> 00:59:05,242 I HAD MY MOTHER TO ASK, AND WE ARE FIVE KIDS 981 00:59:05,275 --> 00:59:08,613 AND SHE HAS BEEN BREASTFEEDING FOR LIKE A DECADE. 982 00:59:08,646 --> 00:59:10,214 ( laughs ) 983 00:59:10,247 --> 00:59:14,685 SO SHE OF COURSE KNEW HOW TO TEACH AND HOW TO DO IT. 984 00:59:27,231 --> 00:59:30,034 ( speaking Swedish ) 985 00:59:49,887 --> 00:59:52,957 IN SWEDEN WE ARE VERY FORTUNATE BECAUSE WE CAN STAY AT HOME 986 00:59:52,990 --> 00:59:58,262 WITH OUR KIDS FOR SUCH LONG TIME COMPARED TO OTHER COUNTRIES. 987 00:59:58,295 --> 01:00:02,132 AND THAT OF COURSE MAKES IT EASIER TO BREASTFEED, TOO. 988 01:00:02,166 --> 01:00:03,901 THEY KNOW THAT THEY'RE GOING TO SAVE MONEY 989 01:00:03,934 --> 01:00:06,103 IF THEY ENCOURAGE BREASTFEEDING 990 01:00:06,136 --> 01:00:08,305 IN THE FIRST SIX TO 24 MONTHS OF LIFE. 991 01:00:08,338 --> 01:00:11,842 YOU CAN COMPARE, FOR EXAMPLE, VARIOUS SOCIETIES 992 01:00:11,876 --> 01:00:15,713 THAT INVEST IN THE INFANCY, 993 01:00:15,746 --> 01:00:17,114 IN THE MOTHER/CHILD RELATIONSHIP 994 01:00:17,147 --> 01:00:19,950 BY JUST GIVING TIME OFF FROM WORK, FOR EXAMPLE, 995 01:00:19,984 --> 01:00:21,852 OR HAVING MATERNITY LEAVE BE SOMETHING 996 01:00:21,886 --> 01:00:24,221 THAT EVERYBODY ACCEPTS IF THEY SO WISH TO TAKE IT. 997 01:00:24,254 --> 01:00:27,658 THESE THINGS ENABLE THE CULTURE TO HAVE MORE STABILITY. 998 01:00:29,293 --> 01:00:32,296 ( Britt-Mari speaking ) 999 01:00:43,207 --> 01:00:44,975 Jennifer narrating: IN SWEDEN, 1000 01:00:45,009 --> 01:00:48,078 A MAN WHO GOES BACK TO WORK RATHER THAN TAKE 1001 01:00:48,112 --> 01:00:52,416 HIS PAID LEAVE IS NOT WELL-REGARDED IN HIS COMPANY. 1002 01:00:56,320 --> 01:01:00,858 ( Britt-Mari speaking ) 1003 01:01:09,366 --> 01:01:11,435 THERE WAS SOME PRESSURE FOR WOMEN 1004 01:01:11,468 --> 01:01:13,103 TO GO BACK TO WORK EARLIER AT ONE STAGE, 1005 01:01:13,137 --> 01:01:15,339 A SUGGESTION IT WOULD BE A GOOD IDEA FOR WOMEN 1006 01:01:15,372 --> 01:01:17,775 NOT TO TAKE SO MUCH TIME OFF WORK, 1007 01:01:17,808 --> 01:01:20,945 AND THE SUGGESTION WAS THEY COULD BREASTFEED 1008 01:01:20,978 --> 01:01:23,814 USING EITHER EXPRESS MILK OR FORMULA. 1009 01:01:23,848 --> 01:01:27,084 THE RISK IS IF YOU'RE REMOVING THAT TIME THAT MOTHER AND BABY 1010 01:01:27,117 --> 01:01:30,187 SPEND TOGETHER EVEN IF THEY'RE USING EXPRESSED MILK, 1011 01:01:30,220 --> 01:01:32,289 THE BABY ISN'T HAVING 1012 01:01:32,322 --> 01:01:35,826 THAT CLOSE PHYSICAL CONTACT WITH THE MOTHER. 1013 01:01:35,860 --> 01:01:37,461 Jennifer narrating: PROFESSOR SCOTT MONTGOMERY 1014 01:01:37,494 --> 01:01:39,363 IS THE LEADING EPIDEMIOLOGY RESEARCHER 1015 01:01:39,396 --> 01:01:42,800 AT THE KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE IN SWEDEN. 1016 01:01:42,833 --> 01:01:46,370 HE STUDIES THE EFFECTS SKIN-TO-SKIN HAS ON IMMUNITY, 1017 01:01:46,403 --> 01:01:50,908 OBESITY, AND DISEASE PROCESSES LATER IN LIFE. 1018 01:01:50,941 --> 01:01:55,312 WE KNOW FROM ANIMAL STUDIES THAT RAT PUPS, FOR EXAMPLE, 1019 01:01:55,345 --> 01:01:59,383 WHO DON'T HAVE PHYSICAL CONTACT IN THE FIRST DAYS OF THEIR LIFE 1020 01:01:59,416 --> 01:02:02,452 WITH THE MOTHER RAT, 1021 01:02:02,486 --> 01:02:06,423 THEY TEND TO DEVELOP POORER CONTROL OF THE STRESS RESPONSE. 1022 01:02:06,456 --> 01:02:10,761 THE STIMULATION OF SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT FOR THEM 1023 01:02:10,795 --> 01:02:12,763 SEEMS TO BE CRITICALLY IMPORTANT. 1024 01:02:12,797 --> 01:02:15,299 AND WE SUSPECT THE SAME THING IS TRUE FOR HUMANS. 1025 01:02:15,332 --> 01:02:17,067 BREASTFEEDING IS AN IMPORTANT TIME 1026 01:02:17,101 --> 01:02:20,037 OF PHYSICAL CONTACT BETWEEN MOTHER AND BABY. 1027 01:02:26,877 --> 01:02:28,879 Jennifer narrating: THE SUPPORT THAT MOTHERS 1028 01:02:28,913 --> 01:02:31,782 AND FATHERS ENJOY HERE IN SWEDEN IS INCREDIBLE. 1029 01:02:31,816 --> 01:02:34,852 IMAGINE THE DIFFERENCES THESE PRO-FAMILY POLICIES 1030 01:02:34,885 --> 01:02:38,455 WOULD MAKE IN AMERICA. 1031 01:02:38,488 --> 01:02:40,290 THEY ENCOURAGE BED-SHARING. 1032 01:02:40,324 --> 01:02:41,992 THEY ENCOURAGE BREASTFEEDING IN PUBLIC. 1033 01:02:42,026 --> 01:02:45,129 EVERY MOM GETS EDUCATIONAL PRENATALLY 1034 01:02:45,162 --> 01:02:46,396 ABOUT BREASTFEEDING, 1035 01:02:46,430 --> 01:02:48,465 AND THEN THEY HAVE TOTAL SUPPORT. 1036 01:02:50,434 --> 01:02:53,871 ( Britt-Mari speaking ) 1037 01:03:18,362 --> 01:03:20,965 ( speaking Swedish ) 1038 01:03:36,480 --> 01:03:39,149 ( Britt-Mari speaking ) 1039 01:03:44,654 --> 01:03:47,992 IN THE HOSPITAL, I WAS OFFERED FORMULA. 1040 01:03:48,025 --> 01:03:50,995 I WAS OFFERED THE LUXURY OF BEING ABLE 1041 01:03:51,028 --> 01:03:53,163 TO GIVE MY BABY OVER TO THE NURSES 1042 01:03:53,197 --> 01:03:56,366 AND HAVE HER TAKEN TO THE NURSERY AND, YOU KNOW-- 1043 01:03:56,400 --> 01:03:58,202 SO THAT I COULD SLEEP THROUGH THE NIGHT, 1044 01:03:58,235 --> 01:04:00,537 AND THEY WOULD GIVE HER, OBVIOUSLY, FORMULA. 1045 01:04:00,570 --> 01:04:02,907 WHEN I SAID, "BUT ISN'T SO MUCH BETTER JUST TO BREASTFEED?" 1046 01:04:02,940 --> 01:04:05,876 LIKE, "LOTS OF PEOPLE USE FORMULA, IT'S FINE. 1047 01:04:05,910 --> 01:04:08,045 THAT'S FINE IF YOU WANT TO DO THAT, YOU CAN DO THAT." 1048 01:04:08,078 --> 01:04:10,014 IF YOU WANT TO BREASTFEED, WE HAVE A PUMP. 1049 01:04:10,047 --> 01:04:15,019 WE HAVE A LACTATION CONSULTANT." SO I TRIED TO BREASTFEED. 1050 01:04:15,052 --> 01:04:17,154 AT SOME POINT, I STARTED FREAKING OUT. 1051 01:04:17,187 --> 01:04:19,389 I WAS TOTALLY SCARED THAT THEY WERE STARVING TO DEATH. 1052 01:04:19,423 --> 01:04:23,160 THEY'RE GOING TO STARVE. SO I GAVE IN TO FORMULA. 1053 01:04:23,193 --> 01:04:27,131 AND IT WAS DISGUSTING. BUT THEY DRANK IT. 1054 01:04:27,164 --> 01:04:29,566 AND THE NIPPLE WAS REALLY EASY TO SUCK 1055 01:04:29,599 --> 01:04:31,902 BECAUSE IT CAME OUT REALLY FAST. 1056 01:04:31,936 --> 01:04:34,271 AND SO-- BUT THERE WAS-- 1057 01:04:34,304 --> 01:04:37,107 EVEN THOUGH I WAS DISGUSTED, THERE'S A SIGH OF RELIEF 1058 01:04:37,141 --> 01:04:40,510 THAT THEY WERE-- I FELT LIKE THEY WERE AT LEAST BEING FED. 1059 01:04:40,544 --> 01:04:43,513 IT WAS THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT, AND THE NURSE, 1060 01:04:43,547 --> 01:04:48,052 I WAS CALLING FOR HELP BECAUSE MY BREASTS WERE BLEEDING 1061 01:04:48,085 --> 01:04:51,088 AND MY NIPPLES WERE REALLY, REALLY SORE. 1062 01:04:51,121 --> 01:04:54,158 IT SEEMED LIKE SHE WAS FRUSTRATED 1063 01:04:54,191 --> 01:04:56,126 THAT I NEEDED ATTENTION 1064 01:04:56,160 --> 01:04:57,995 THAT SHE WASN'T ABLE TO DEVOTE TO ME, 1065 01:04:58,028 --> 01:04:59,496 AND SHE JUST SAID, "IT'S PROBABLY TIME 1066 01:04:59,529 --> 01:05:01,898 FOR YOU TO JUST GIVE HIM FORMULA." 1067 01:05:10,007 --> 01:05:12,042 Chantal: ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WE FOUND IN SWEDEN 1068 01:05:12,076 --> 01:05:15,112 WAS THAT SWEDEN VALUES THE HEALTH 1069 01:05:15,145 --> 01:05:17,982 OF THEIR CITIZENS OVER BUSINESSES. 1070 01:05:18,015 --> 01:05:21,018 Jennifer narrating: IN SWEDEN, YOU NEVER RECEIVE FREE FORMULA 1071 01:05:21,051 --> 01:05:23,020 AT THE HOSPITAL, AND AS NEW PARENTS, 1072 01:05:23,053 --> 01:05:25,322 YOU NEVER RECEIVE FREE GIFTS IN THE MAIL. 1073 01:05:25,355 --> 01:05:28,325 THE REASON THAT FORMULA IS NOT BEING MARKETED IN SWEDEN 1074 01:05:28,358 --> 01:05:31,261 THE SAME WAY IT IS IN THE UNITED STATES 1075 01:05:31,295 --> 01:05:34,264 IS BECAUSE THEY FOLLOW AN INTERNATIONAL CODE 1076 01:05:34,298 --> 01:05:39,169 WHICH WAS WRITTEN BY THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION IN 1981. 1077 01:05:39,203 --> 01:05:42,172 IT SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT FORMULA COMPANIES 1078 01:05:42,206 --> 01:05:45,709 SHOULD NOT ADVERTISE OR GIVE ANY GIFTS OF FORMULA 1079 01:05:45,742 --> 01:05:48,612 TO PREGNANT WOMEN OR MOTHERS WITH INFANTS 1080 01:05:48,645 --> 01:05:51,181 UNDER THE AGE OF SIX MONTHS. 1081 01:05:51,215 --> 01:05:53,517 MANY COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD 1082 01:05:53,550 --> 01:05:56,553 FOLLOW THE GUIDELINES OF THE WHO CODE. 1083 01:05:56,586 --> 01:06:00,257 THE UNITED STATES IS ONE OF ONLY SIX COUNTRIES 1084 01:06:00,290 --> 01:06:02,226 THAT DOES NOT FOLLOW THE CODE. 1085 01:06:02,259 --> 01:06:06,496 IN FACT, WE SHAMELESSLY VIOLATE IT. 1086 01:06:06,530 --> 01:06:09,366 IN SWEDEN, I CAME TO MY GROCERY, 1087 01:06:09,399 --> 01:06:13,070 AND THERE WAS A FULL SHELF WITH A LONG THING 1088 01:06:13,103 --> 01:06:17,407 SAYING IN SWEDISH AND ENGLISH FOR THE NEXT X MONTHS 1089 01:06:17,441 --> 01:06:19,709 THIS COMPANY WILL NOT BE ALLOWED 1090 01:06:19,743 --> 01:06:22,279 TO SELL ITS PRODUCTS HERE 1091 01:06:22,312 --> 01:06:25,182 BECAUSE IT WAS NOT RESPECTING THE CODE. 1092 01:06:25,215 --> 01:06:27,751 Jennifer narrating: I WENT TO A MARKET IN STOCKHOLM 1093 01:06:27,784 --> 01:06:29,719 AND FOUND THE ONLY FORMULA FOR INFANTS 1094 01:06:29,753 --> 01:06:33,290 UNDER SIX MONTHS OF AGE WAS WAY DOWN ON THE BOTTOM SHELF. 1095 01:06:33,323 --> 01:06:34,724 LOOK AT THIS WHOLE THING. 1096 01:06:34,758 --> 01:06:37,561 THIS IS ALL THERE IS ON THIS SHELF, 1097 01:06:37,594 --> 01:06:39,696 THIS LITTLE TINY BIT OF FORMULA, GUYS. 1098 01:06:39,729 --> 01:06:42,532 Jennifer narrating: I ASKED THE STORE MANAGER AND THE CLERK, 1099 01:06:42,566 --> 01:06:45,769 AND BOTH SAID THAT THEY HARDLY SELL ANY. 1100 01:06:56,146 --> 01:07:00,517 WOMEN LEAVE THE HOSPITAL, THEY GET FORMULA IN THEIR HANDS, 1101 01:07:00,550 --> 01:07:02,586 THEY TAKE IT HOME. THEY STRUGGLE. 1102 01:07:02,619 --> 01:07:04,554 IT'S THE FIRST THING THEY TURN TO. 1103 01:07:11,695 --> 01:07:13,530 IF FORMULA HAS TO BE IN A HOSPITAL 1104 01:07:13,563 --> 01:07:15,832 FOR THOSE RARE OCCASIONS WHEN IT'S ACTUALLY NEEDED, 1105 01:07:15,865 --> 01:07:17,667 THEN IT SHOULDN'T HAVE A LABEL ON IT. 1106 01:07:17,701 --> 01:07:19,503 WHY ARE THEY PROMOTING A COMPANY? 1107 01:07:19,536 --> 01:07:21,805 WHY IS A HOSPITAL PROMOTING A COMPANY'S PRODUCTS? 1108 01:07:21,838 --> 01:07:23,640 THIS IS NOT APPROPRIATE. 1109 01:07:23,673 --> 01:07:27,344 THE BABIES ARE IN A LITTLE BIN, AND UNDER THE BIN ARE TWO TRAYS, 1110 01:07:27,377 --> 01:07:29,379 AND IT'S FILLED WITH SUPPLIES. 1111 01:07:29,413 --> 01:07:32,482 I LEFT WITH, YOU KNOW, A CAR LOAD OF SUPPLIES 1112 01:07:32,516 --> 01:07:34,618 AND TONS OF FORMULA. 1113 01:07:34,651 --> 01:07:38,688 IT WASN'T A GOOD FEELING GOING HOME WITH ALL OF THOSE SAMPLES. 1114 01:07:38,722 --> 01:07:44,361 IT FELT LIKE I FAILED BECAUSE... 1115 01:07:44,394 --> 01:07:46,830 I NEEDED... STUFF 1116 01:07:46,863 --> 01:07:50,500 TO DO SOMETHING THAT WAS JUST SUPPOSED TO BE NATURAL. 1117 01:07:50,534 --> 01:07:54,504 I ACTUALLY HAD A NUMBER OF FORMULA COMPANIES, 1118 01:07:54,538 --> 01:07:59,276 JUST, YOU KNOW, SEND BOXES OF SAMPLES OVER. 1119 01:07:59,309 --> 01:08:01,445 AND THE FRUSTRATION I PERSONALLY HAVE IS THAT, 1120 01:08:01,478 --> 01:08:04,281 YOU KNOW, I SORT OF HAVE BECOME LIKE THE DE FACTO SPOKESPERSON 1121 01:08:04,314 --> 01:08:06,450 OF THE FORMULA-FEEDING COMMUNITY. 1122 01:08:06,483 --> 01:08:11,755 AND I WOULD LOVE TO BE ABLE TO TALK TO THE FORMULA COMPANIES 1123 01:08:11,788 --> 01:08:15,125 AND TELL THEM, LIKE, "STOP DOING WHAT YOU'RE DOING." 1124 01:08:15,159 --> 01:08:16,793 THEY DO THINGS LIKE, 1125 01:08:16,826 --> 01:08:18,695 "THIS IS OUR BREASTFEEDING SUPPORT LINE," YOU KNOW, 1126 01:08:18,728 --> 01:08:21,398 "CALL IF YOU'RE HAVING PROBLEMS" OR PUTTING ADS ON, 1127 01:08:21,431 --> 01:08:23,633 YOU KNOW, BREASTFEEDING ARTICLES. 1128 01:08:23,667 --> 01:08:25,402 Nushin: HAVING IT AT HOSPITALS, 1129 01:08:25,435 --> 01:08:27,237 I THINK IT GIVES IT A CERTAIN CREDIBILITY. 1130 01:08:27,271 --> 01:08:29,673 THE DOCTORS ARE VALIDATING THESE FORMULAS. 1131 01:08:29,706 --> 01:08:31,775 ONE TIME I ASKED ONE OF THE NURSES 1132 01:08:31,808 --> 01:08:33,510 IF I COULD SEE THE NOTEPAD. 1133 01:08:33,543 --> 01:08:35,312 AND SO I STARTED FLIPPING THROUGH IT AND IT SAID 1134 01:08:35,345 --> 01:08:37,547 "WHAT YOU NEED TO TAKE TO THE HOSPITAL WITH YOU 1135 01:08:37,581 --> 01:08:39,683 WHEN YOU'RE DELIVERING, WHAT YOU NEED 1136 01:08:39,716 --> 01:08:41,618 TO TAKE HOME WITH YOU, WHAT YOU NEED TO HAVE." 1137 01:08:41,651 --> 01:08:43,553 AND AT THE BOTTOM OF THE CHECKLIST, 1138 01:08:43,587 --> 01:08:46,490 THERE WAS ALWAYS SOMETHING-- THERE WAS A FORMULA BRAND. 1139 01:08:46,523 --> 01:08:50,294 ALREADY THEY WERE TRYING TO INSTILL THIS. 1140 01:08:50,327 --> 01:08:52,196 THEY WERE TRYING TO GET YOU TO START THINKING ABOUT IT 1141 01:08:52,229 --> 01:08:54,231 AND VALIDATING IT. 1142 01:08:54,264 --> 01:08:58,635 Jennifer narrating: IF SWEDEN CAN ENFORCE THE WHO CODE 1143 01:08:58,668 --> 01:09:00,537 AND IT'S WORKING, 1144 01:09:00,570 --> 01:09:03,340 WHY AREN'T WE DOING THIS IN THE UNITED STATES? 1145 01:09:05,809 --> 01:09:08,845 Chantal: THE FORMULA COMPANIES HAVE CREATED A HUGE INSECURITY 1146 01:09:08,878 --> 01:09:10,480 FOR MOMS THAT MAKE THEM FEEL LIKE 1147 01:09:10,514 --> 01:09:12,216 THEY CAN'T FEED THEIR OWN BABIES. 1148 01:09:14,951 --> 01:09:17,687 AND IT'S SO OFTEN VERY SUBTLE 1149 01:09:17,721 --> 01:09:21,391 THAT WHEN WE LOOK AT HOW A MOM IS HOLDING THE BABY, 1150 01:09:21,425 --> 01:09:23,660 THE BABY'S TUMMY UP, 1151 01:09:23,693 --> 01:09:25,395 AND WHEN I WAS A POSTPARTUM NURSE, 1152 01:09:25,429 --> 01:09:26,896 THE MOMS WOULD OFTEN BE VERY SHOCKED 1153 01:09:26,930 --> 01:09:29,466 WHEN I WOULD TURN THE BABY IN TOWARDS THEIR TUMMY 1154 01:09:29,499 --> 01:09:33,203 BECAUSE YOU CAN'T BREASTFEED A BABY WITH ITS TUMMY UP. 1155 01:09:33,237 --> 01:09:35,339 THAT'S A FORMULA-FEEDING POSITION. 1156 01:09:35,372 --> 01:09:39,676 Jay: WHAT THEY'VE FOUND IS THAT IF THEY PAY LIP SERVICE 1157 01:09:39,709 --> 01:09:41,678 TO SUPPORTING BREASTFEEDING, 1158 01:09:41,711 --> 01:09:46,716 THEY CAN SNEAK IN THE BACKDOOR AND GET MORE FORMULA SOLD. 1159 01:09:46,750 --> 01:09:48,718 Chantal: THERE'S A PICTURE OF A MOM BOTTLE-FEEDING, 1160 01:09:48,752 --> 01:09:50,587 AND SHE'S GORGEOUS. 1161 01:09:50,620 --> 01:09:52,622 SHE HAS WHITE TEETH, AND YOU SEE HER WEDDING BAND, 1162 01:09:52,656 --> 01:09:55,592 AND THE BABY'S SMILING. YOU SEE THE BABY'S FACE. 1163 01:09:55,625 --> 01:09:58,328 AND THE ARTICLE ABOUT BREASTFEEDING 1164 01:09:58,362 --> 01:10:00,430 HAS THE BABY KIND OF TURNED AWAY 1165 01:10:00,464 --> 01:10:02,366 AND MAYBE THE MOM'S LOOKING AT THE FOOT, 1166 01:10:02,399 --> 01:10:04,334 AND EVERYTHING'S KIND OF BLURRY, 1167 01:10:04,368 --> 01:10:06,436 YOU DON'T SEE HER WEDDING RING AND MAYBE HER TEETH 1168 01:10:06,470 --> 01:10:08,372 AREN'T QUITE AS WHITE, 1169 01:10:08,405 --> 01:10:10,240 AND SO YOUR BRAIN SORT OF REGISTERS, 1170 01:10:10,274 --> 01:10:12,342 OH, BREASTFEEDING LOOKS A LITTLE HARD. 1171 01:10:12,376 --> 01:10:14,711 THIS IS NOT IN THE COGNITIVE BRAIN AT ALL. 1172 01:10:14,744 --> 01:10:16,280 THIS IS IN THE RIGHT BRAIN, 1173 01:10:16,313 --> 01:10:17,981 AND IT'S GOING STRAIGHT TO YOUR HEART. 1174 01:10:21,418 --> 01:10:22,919 Announcer: NEWBORNS ARE DIFFERENT. 1175 01:10:22,952 --> 01:10:25,589 NEWBORNS GROW AT LEAST A QUARTER INCH A WEEK 1176 01:10:25,622 --> 01:10:27,491 DURING THE FIRST MONTH OF LIFE. 1177 01:10:27,524 --> 01:10:29,693 VITAMIN D IS A KEY TO THIS GROWTH. 1178 01:10:29,726 --> 01:10:33,263 NEW ENFAMIL PREMIUM NEWBORN HAS 25% MORE VITAMIN D 1179 01:10:33,297 --> 01:10:35,465 INTENDED TO HELP MEET THE EXTRA RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE. 1180 01:10:35,499 --> 01:10:37,534 Announcer BABY FORMULA-- 1181 01:10:37,567 --> 01:10:40,770 IT'S ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT CHOICES YOU MAKE AS A PARENT. 1182 01:10:40,804 --> 01:10:43,573 THERE ARE SO MANY COMPONENTS IN HUMAN MILK 1183 01:10:43,607 --> 01:10:45,909 THAT HAVEN'T EVEN YET BEEN IDENTIFIED. 1184 01:10:45,942 --> 01:10:50,046 SO THERE'S NO WAY THAT THEY COULD BE PUT INTO FORMULA. 1185 01:10:50,079 --> 01:10:51,815 IN ADDITION TO THAT, 1186 01:10:51,848 --> 01:10:55,419 WHEN YOU PLACE AN ARTIFICIAL COMPONENT IN, 1187 01:10:55,452 --> 01:10:57,721 WHAT WE KNOW IS THAT THE HUMAN BODY 1188 01:10:57,754 --> 01:11:00,857 DOES NOT UTILIZE IT IN THE SAME WAY. 1189 01:11:00,890 --> 01:11:02,526 FORMULAS ARE DEAD. 1190 01:11:02,559 --> 01:11:06,029 THEY DON'T HAVE LIVE TISSUE IN THEM. 1191 01:11:06,062 --> 01:11:07,997 BREAST MILK IS A LIVE TISSUE. 1192 01:11:08,031 --> 01:11:10,634 IN FACT, SOME RESEARCHERS REFER TO IT 1193 01:11:10,667 --> 01:11:13,770 AS WHITE BLOOD BECAUSE IT TENDS TO HAVE 1194 01:11:13,803 --> 01:11:17,707 VIRTUALLY THE SAME COMPONENTS IN IT THAT A MOTHER'S BLOOD HAS. 1195 01:11:17,741 --> 01:11:20,777 SOME OF THOSE ARE BEING ADDED TO FORMULAS NOW, 1196 01:11:20,810 --> 01:11:23,046 BUT THEY'RE ARTIFICIAL COMPONENTS. 1197 01:11:23,079 --> 01:11:26,883 THEY DON'T KNOW HOW MUCH TO PUT INTO A GIVEN FORMULA, 1198 01:11:26,916 --> 01:11:28,718 WHEREAS WITH THE BREAST MILK, 1199 01:11:28,752 --> 01:11:31,988 THE BABY HAS EXACTLY WHAT HE NEEDS TO MEET 1200 01:11:32,021 --> 01:11:36,893 HIS EXQUISITELY UNIQUE GENETIC PROFILE. 1201 01:11:39,062 --> 01:11:41,431 Samantha: THEY ENCOURAGED ME TO STICK WITH THE FORMULA, 1202 01:11:41,465 --> 01:11:43,633 PARTICULARLY BECAUSE HE ENDED UP LOSING 1203 01:11:43,667 --> 01:11:47,103 TOO MUCH WEIGHT AND THERE WAS CONCERN 1204 01:11:47,136 --> 01:11:51,375 THAT HE WASN'T GETTING ENOUGH, SO I HAD TO GIVE THE FORMULA 1205 01:11:51,408 --> 01:11:54,378 TO GET EVERYONE TO SHUT UP. 1206 01:11:54,411 --> 01:12:00,784 THEY ENCOURAGE YOU TO SUPPLEMENT ONE BOTTLE A DAY 1207 01:12:00,817 --> 01:12:03,720 SO THEY WILL CONTINUE TO MAINTAIN THEIR WEIGHT, 1208 01:12:03,753 --> 01:12:07,891 AND THEY'RE CONCERNED ABOUT THEM GETTING ENOUGH CALCIUM. 1209 01:12:07,924 --> 01:12:11,895 I FEEL IT'S THEIR PREFERENCE TO... 1210 01:12:11,928 --> 01:12:14,464 BOTTLE-FEED THE BABY MORE SO 1211 01:12:14,498 --> 01:12:18,902 BECAUSE THEY KNOW HOW MUCH THE BABY IS GETTING PER DAY 1212 01:12:18,935 --> 01:12:21,605 IN CALORIES THAT THEY HAVE MORE CONTROL OVER IT. 1213 01:12:23,507 --> 01:12:25,609 BABIES WHO ARE GETTING MORE JAUNDICED 1214 01:12:25,642 --> 01:12:27,377 SHOULD BE LOOKED AT CLOSELY. 1215 01:12:27,411 --> 01:12:29,713 THEY SHOULDN'T BE SUPPLEMENTED WITH FORMULA. 1216 01:12:29,746 --> 01:12:32,015 BABIES WHOSE MOMS HAVE SORE NIPPLES 1217 01:12:32,048 --> 01:12:33,850 OR BABIES WHO ARE GAINING WEIGHT SLOWLY 1218 01:12:33,883 --> 01:12:35,419 DON'T NEED SUPPLEMENTATION. 1219 01:12:35,452 --> 01:12:37,120 THEY NEED EXTRA CARE. 1220 01:12:39,623 --> 01:12:41,057 IF YOU CAN CONVINCE PARENTS 1221 01:12:41,090 --> 01:12:43,993 THAT THEIR BABIES ARE GROWING TOO SLOWLY, 1222 01:12:44,027 --> 01:12:46,763 YOU CAN GET THEM TO SUPPLEMENT WITH FORMULA. 1223 01:12:46,796 --> 01:12:48,865 GROWTH CHARTS HAVE BEEN AROUND FOR AS LONG 1224 01:12:48,898 --> 01:12:50,834 AS I'VE BEEN IN PEDIATRICS AND AS LONG AS I'VE SEEN THEM, 1225 01:12:50,867 --> 01:12:52,936 THEY'VE BEEN MISUSED. 1226 01:12:52,969 --> 01:12:56,440 THEY'RE PRINTED FOR FREE BY THE FORMULA MANUFACTURERS. 1227 01:12:56,473 --> 01:12:58,808 THE MILLIONS OF DOLLARS THESE COMPANIES MAKE 1228 01:12:58,842 --> 01:13:01,645 IS DEVOTED TO MARKETING, PEOPLE SITTING IN BOARDROOMS 1229 01:13:01,678 --> 01:13:03,747 DECIDING HOW THEY'RE GONNA SHUT DOWN YOUR MILK SUPPLY. 1230 01:13:03,780 --> 01:13:06,416 THEY DON'T WANT YOU TO SUPPLY MILK BECAUSE IF YOU SUPPLY MILK, 1231 01:13:06,450 --> 01:13:07,851 YOU WON'T BUY THEIR PRODUCT. 1232 01:13:07,884 --> 01:13:09,853 SO THEY SHUT DOWN HER MANUFACTURING PLANT, 1233 01:13:09,886 --> 01:13:13,690 ONE AND TWO-- FINISHED. THAT'S THEIR FIRST PRIORITY. 1234 01:13:13,723 --> 01:13:15,058 THERE'S NO PROFIT TO BE HAD 1235 01:13:15,091 --> 01:13:16,960 IN SUPPORTING BREASTFEEDING, PERIOD. 1236 01:13:16,993 --> 01:13:21,965 FORMULA COMPANIES, ALL OF THEM, GIVE MEDICAL SCHOOLS, 1237 01:13:21,998 --> 01:13:25,034 UNIVERSITIES, THE AMERICAN ACADEMY 1238 01:13:25,068 --> 01:13:27,971 OF PEDIATRICS, TONS OF MONEY. 1239 01:13:28,004 --> 01:13:31,641 THE ENTIRE STRUCTURE OF PEDIATRIC CARE IN AMERICA 1240 01:13:31,675 --> 01:13:34,143 HAS BEEN INFLUENCED BY FORMULA-COMPANY MONEY. 1241 01:13:34,177 --> 01:13:37,213 THEY HAVE MILLIONS AND MILLIONS OF DOLLARS TO SPEND 1242 01:13:37,246 --> 01:13:40,517 SUPPORTING OUR CONFERENCES AND TO BUY US DINNERS 1243 01:13:40,550 --> 01:13:44,187 AND TO FLY SPEAKERS IN AND OUT ON LEGALIZED BRIBERY. 1244 01:13:44,220 --> 01:13:46,523 THEY MAKE SURE THEY ARE WELL TAKEN CARE OF. 1245 01:13:46,556 --> 01:13:48,825 Jessica: THEY LOBBY HEAVILY IN THE GOVERNMENT. 1246 01:13:48,858 --> 01:13:50,660 THEY TALK TO THE POLITICIANS. 1247 01:13:50,694 --> 01:13:52,496 THE USDA IS THE ONE WHO RECOMMENDS 1248 01:13:52,529 --> 01:13:55,465 WHETHER OR NOT WIC WILL GET FORMULA MONEY. 1249 01:13:55,499 --> 01:13:56,966 WHAT ABOUT THE DAIRY COUNCIL? 1250 01:13:57,000 --> 01:13:58,735 THEY'RE ALL MAKING MONEY FROM IT. 1251 01:13:58,768 --> 01:14:00,904 ONE OF THE REASONS WE ACTUALLY HAVE NURSERIES 1252 01:14:00,937 --> 01:14:02,806 SEPARATE FROM THE MOTHERS IN A HOSPITAL, 1253 01:14:02,839 --> 01:14:04,974 FORMULA COMPANIES WOULD ACTUALLY GIVE FREE 1254 01:14:05,008 --> 01:14:07,677 ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES AND THEY DESIGNED IT 1255 01:14:07,711 --> 01:14:10,146 SO THAT IT WOULD BE MORE DIFFICULT 1256 01:14:10,179 --> 01:14:11,681 TO SUPPORT BREASTFEEDING. 1257 01:14:11,715 --> 01:14:13,483 THEY DID THAT ON PURPOSE. 1258 01:14:13,517 --> 01:14:16,853 THEY DID THAT TO CREATE A NEED FOR THEIR PRODUCT. 1259 01:14:42,311 --> 01:14:46,550 WE HAVE A LOT MORE BABIES WITH ALLERGIES. 1260 01:14:46,583 --> 01:14:49,052 THERE ARE CHRONIC ILLNESSES WHICH ARE ON THE UPSWING, 1261 01:14:49,085 --> 01:14:51,187 INCLUDING EVERYTHING FROM ARTHRITIS 1262 01:14:51,220 --> 01:14:53,089 TO DIABETES TO OBESITY. 1263 01:14:53,122 --> 01:14:55,091 LET'S NOT MENTION THE FACT THAT IT MIGHT DESTROY 1264 01:14:55,124 --> 01:14:57,093 YOUR KIDS' IMMUNE SYSTEM BECAUSE THERE'S ANOTHER 1265 01:14:57,126 --> 01:14:59,963 FOR-PROFIT INDUSTRY LATER THAT CAN BENEFIT FROM THAT. 1266 01:14:59,996 --> 01:15:04,000 IF YOU LOOK AT A CAN OF FORMULA AND YOU LOOK AT THE INGREDIENTS, 1267 01:15:04,033 --> 01:15:05,769 YOU'LL SEE ONE OF THE HIGHEST INGREDIENTS 1268 01:15:05,802 --> 01:15:08,772 IS HIGH-FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP. 1269 01:15:08,805 --> 01:15:12,141 THEY USE PALM OIL AND OTHER INGREDIENTS 1270 01:15:12,175 --> 01:15:16,946 THAT HAVE NEVER BEEN PROVEN BEYOND A DOUBT TO BE SAFE. 1271 01:15:16,980 --> 01:15:19,616 Jay: 50, 60, 70% OF OUR KIDS ARE OVERWEIGHT. 1272 01:15:19,649 --> 01:15:23,019 THE JURY IS COMING IN SHOWING US 1273 01:15:23,052 --> 01:15:25,955 THAT THIS IS DETRIMENTAL BIOPHYSICALLY, 1274 01:15:25,989 --> 01:15:28,191 THIS IS DETRIMENTAL EMOTIONALLY. 1275 01:15:28,224 --> 01:15:31,895 WE'RE SEEING 10-YEAR-OLD KIDS WITH ADULT-ONSET DIABETES 1276 01:15:31,928 --> 01:15:33,897 AND THE REASON IS THAT WE'RE TEACHING THEM 1277 01:15:33,930 --> 01:15:35,298 TO EAT TOO MUCH EARLY ON, 1278 01:15:35,331 --> 01:15:37,266 AND THEN WE'RE CONTINUING THIS PATTERN. 1279 01:15:37,300 --> 01:15:40,870 WE'RE STARTING TO SEE PHYSICAL PROBLEMS 1280 01:15:40,904 --> 01:15:46,142 TWO AND THREE GENERATIONS IN TO BOTTLE-FEEDING FAMILIES. 1281 01:15:46,175 --> 01:15:49,913 Chantal: FORMULA-FEEDING IS THE LONGEST LASTING 1282 01:15:49,946 --> 01:15:52,115 UNCONTROLLED EXPERIMENT 1283 01:15:52,148 --> 01:15:56,285 LACKING CONSENT IN THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE. 1284 01:15:56,319 --> 01:15:57,954 Reporter: FOX 6 REVIEWED 1285 01:15:57,987 --> 01:15:59,923 ALL THE MEDICAL EXAMINER REPORTS 1286 01:15:59,956 --> 01:16:01,958 IN WHICH BABIES DIED IN THE BED WITH AN ADULT 1287 01:16:01,991 --> 01:16:04,628 IN 2009 AND SO FAR THIS YEAR. 1288 01:16:04,661 --> 01:16:08,164 ONE FACTOR WAS EVIDENT IN EVERY SINGLE CASE. 1289 01:16:08,197 --> 01:16:11,067 WHICH DO YOU THINK IT WAS-- THE ADULT HAD BEEN DRINKING, 1290 01:16:11,100 --> 01:16:12,669 THERE WERE OTHER CHILDREN IN THE BED, 1291 01:16:12,702 --> 01:16:14,370 THE BABY WAS FORMULA-FED, 1292 01:16:14,403 --> 01:16:17,306 OR THE ADULT AND BABY WERE SLEEPING ON A SOFA? 1293 01:16:17,340 --> 01:16:20,009 ALL THE BABIES WERE FORMULA-FED. 1294 01:16:24,247 --> 01:16:26,683 Jay: FORMULA-FED BABIES WILL SLEEP LONGER 1295 01:16:26,716 --> 01:16:28,251 BECAUSE THEIR STOMACHS STAY FULL. 1296 01:16:28,284 --> 01:16:31,054 FORMULA EMPTIES FROM YOUR STOMACH INCREDIBLY SLOWLY. 1297 01:16:31,087 --> 01:16:33,056 IT'S LIKE HAVING A ROCK IN YOUR STOMACH. 1298 01:16:33,089 --> 01:16:36,960 BABIES ARE SUPPOSED TO WAKE UP, THEY'RE SUPPOSED TO TOUCH BASE, 1299 01:16:36,993 --> 01:16:40,129 THEY'RE SUPPOSED TO EAT AND GET AN ELEVATED BLOOD SUGAR, 1300 01:16:40,163 --> 01:16:42,231 THEY'RE SUPPOSED TO BE SYNCHRONIZED 1301 01:16:42,265 --> 01:16:45,168 TO A MOTHER'S HEARTBEAT AND A MOTHER'S RESPIRATORY PATTERN. 1302 01:16:45,201 --> 01:16:47,136 James: THERE IS A WHOLE BEHAVIORAL 1303 01:16:47,170 --> 01:16:50,173 AND PHYSICAL RECONNECTION BETWEEN THE MOTHER AND A BABY 1304 01:16:50,206 --> 01:16:53,076 WHEN BREASTFEEDINGS OCCUR THAT JUST DOES NOT SHOW UP 1305 01:16:53,109 --> 01:16:54,744 WHEN THE MOTHER AND BABY ARE BOTTLE-FEEDING. 1306 01:16:54,778 --> 01:16:57,280 Jennifer narrating: WHAT WOULD PARENTS DO 1307 01:16:57,313 --> 01:16:59,749 IF THEY FOUND OUT THAT IN AMERICA, 1308 01:16:59,783 --> 01:17:03,286 TWICE AS MANY BABIES DIE WITHIN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE 1309 01:17:03,319 --> 01:17:04,921 THAN IN SWEDEN? 1310 01:17:04,954 --> 01:17:08,191 WHY IS THE U.S. ALLOWING THIS TO HAPPEN? 1311 01:17:08,224 --> 01:17:10,860 I DECIDED IT WAS TIME TO GO HOME 1312 01:17:10,894 --> 01:17:12,829 AND HELP TRANSFORM AMERICA. 1313 01:17:34,250 --> 01:17:36,720 Woman: THANK YOU FOR CALLING ABBOTT NUTRITION. 1314 01:17:36,753 --> 01:17:38,087 Man: THANK YOU FOR CALLING NESTLE NUTRITION. 1315 01:17:38,121 --> 01:17:40,256 ( overlapping distorted voices ) 1316 01:17:40,289 --> 01:17:44,393 ( telephone line ring ) 1317 01:17:44,427 --> 01:17:47,030 Woman THAT ENFAMIL IS THE NUMBER-ONE 1318 01:17:47,063 --> 01:17:50,066 INFANT FORMULA BRAND RECOMMENDED BY PEDIATRICIANS. 1319 01:17:50,099 --> 01:17:52,468 YES, HI, MY NAME IS JENNIFER DAVIDSON. 1320 01:17:52,501 --> 01:17:54,437 I WOULD LIKE TO SPEAK TO SOMEONE, 1321 01:17:54,470 --> 01:17:56,439 HEAD OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS. 1322 01:17:56,472 --> 01:17:59,943 I'M DOING A DOCUMENTARY ON BREASTFEEDING IN AMERICA. 1323 01:17:59,976 --> 01:18:02,979 Woman on phone: OKAY, UM... 1324 01:18:05,281 --> 01:18:08,451 DO YOU MIND SENDING ME AN EMAIL WITH YOUR REQUEST 1325 01:18:08,484 --> 01:18:10,453 SO I CAN RELAY IT TO THE APPROPRIATE PERSON? 1326 01:18:10,486 --> 01:18:12,789 YES, WHO WOULD THAT APPROPRIATE PERSON BE? 1327 01:18:12,822 --> 01:18:14,490 Woman on phone: YOU CAN SEND IT TO MY EMAIL, 1328 01:18:14,523 --> 01:18:15,825 AND I'LL GET IT TO THE RIGHT PERSON. 1329 01:18:19,829 --> 01:18:22,799 THE SOPHISTICATED PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE 1330 01:18:22,832 --> 01:18:25,869 THAT THEY ACTUALLY WAGE ON A MOTHER IS NON-STOP. 1331 01:18:25,902 --> 01:18:28,371 IT'S CONSTANT, AND AS I SAY, THAT'S THEIR JOB. 1332 01:18:28,404 --> 01:18:30,206 YOU KNOW, WE NEED TO EXPECT THAT 1333 01:18:30,239 --> 01:18:32,241 BUT HELP PROTECT MOTHERS FROM IT. 1334 01:18:32,275 --> 01:18:35,478 WE NEED CONSUMERS TO BE SPEAKING TO THESE PEOPLE 1335 01:18:35,511 --> 01:18:36,946 AND SAYING, "ENOUGH IS ENOUGH," 1336 01:18:36,980 --> 01:18:38,381 AND "WE ARE YOUR CUSTOMER BASE." 1337 01:18:38,414 --> 01:18:40,083 BECAUSE MAYBE THEY'RE NOT GOING TO LISTEN 1338 01:18:40,116 --> 01:18:41,951 IF IT'S NOT AFFECTING THEIR BOTTOM LINE. 1339 01:18:41,985 --> 01:18:44,020 BUT WE ARE THEIR BOTTOM LINE AND THEY NEED TO HEAR, YOU KNOW, 1340 01:18:44,053 --> 01:18:45,521 WE WANT BETTER QUALITY INGREDIENTS. 1341 01:18:45,554 --> 01:18:48,357 WE WANT THIS OPTION, THAT OPTION, WE WANT NO GMO. 1342 01:18:48,391 --> 01:18:49,893 THERE'S SO MUCH INFORMATION OUT THERE. 1343 01:18:49,926 --> 01:18:51,394 THERE IS THE OTHER SIDE. 1344 01:18:51,427 --> 01:18:53,429 IT'S JUST NOT, YOU KNOW, COMMERCIALLY SPONSORED. 1345 01:18:53,462 --> 01:18:55,298 SO IT'S NOT AS WIDELY AVAILABLE. 1346 01:18:55,331 --> 01:18:57,533 IT'S NOT AS SLICK A LOT OF TIMES. 1347 01:18:57,566 --> 01:19:01,137 YOU KNOW, IT'S NOT AS PACKAGED AND PUT IN FRONT OF YOU. 1348 01:19:01,170 --> 01:19:04,440 THERE'S A BIGGER PICTURE THAN WHAT WE SEE IN THE MEDIA. 1349 01:19:08,912 --> 01:19:11,781 SO IN THE END, IT'S UP TO US TO BE ABLE 1350 01:19:11,815 --> 01:19:14,951 TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN A GOOD MARKETING CAMPAIGN 1351 01:19:14,984 --> 01:19:19,222 AND THE ABILITY TO TRUST OUR INSTINCTS. 1352 01:19:23,392 --> 01:19:26,029 Jennifer narrating: WE NEED TO HELP WOMEN TO SUCCEED, 1353 01:19:26,062 --> 01:19:29,833 AND ONE WAY OF DOING THIS IS TO CHANGE THE LAWS 1354 01:19:29,866 --> 01:19:31,300 AND ENCOURAGE BUSINESSES 1355 01:19:31,334 --> 01:19:33,937 TO IMPLEMENT FAMILY-FRIENDLY POLICIES. 1356 01:19:33,970 --> 01:19:38,174 I THINK THAT IT NEEDS TO BE INSTITUTIONALIZED SOMEHOW 1357 01:19:38,207 --> 01:19:41,344 THAT MOMS GET SUPPORT, YOU KNOW, 1358 01:19:41,377 --> 01:19:44,948 THAT IT'S NOT JUST THREE WEEKS OFF 1359 01:19:44,981 --> 01:19:46,582 AND GET BACK TO WORK. 1360 01:19:46,615 --> 01:19:51,988 IF WE HAD A MONTH OF PAID LEAVE FOR FATHERS 1361 01:19:52,021 --> 01:19:54,423 AND SIX MONTHS FOR MOTHERS, 1362 01:19:54,457 --> 01:19:56,893 THAT WOULD BE ABSOLUTELY INCREDIBLE 1363 01:19:56,926 --> 01:19:59,062 COMPARED TO WHAT WE DO HAVE. 1364 01:19:59,095 --> 01:20:01,931 THERE ARE ADVANTAGES TO SUPPORTING 1365 01:20:01,965 --> 01:20:03,566 AN EMPLOYED MOTHER TO BREASTFEED, 1366 01:20:03,599 --> 01:20:06,602 WHICH INCLUDES INCREASED RETENTION, PRODUCTIVITY, 1367 01:20:06,635 --> 01:20:10,840 AS WELL AS REDUCED HEALTHCARE COSTS AND ABSENTEEISM. 1368 01:20:10,874 --> 01:20:13,509 WE'RE HERE TO SUPPORT HOWEVER YOU CHOOSE TO FEED YOUR BABY. 1369 01:20:13,542 --> 01:20:16,312 BUT IF YOU'VE GOT EIGHT OUT OF TEN MOMS DISCHARGED 1370 01:20:16,345 --> 01:20:18,547 IN LOS ANGELES THAT ARE CHOOSING TO BREASTFEED, 1371 01:20:18,581 --> 01:20:22,451 YOU'D BETTER BE READY TO SUPPORT THOSE WOMEN. 1372 01:20:22,485 --> 01:20:25,254 Jennifer narrating: AND AS WOMEN, 1373 01:20:25,288 --> 01:20:29,025 WE NEED TO SUPPORT EACH OTHER. 1374 01:20:29,058 --> 01:20:30,593 MY MAIN INTENTION WOULD ALWAYS BE 1375 01:20:30,626 --> 01:20:33,196 TO SUPPORT SOMEONE FROM THEIR B TO THEIR C. 1376 01:20:33,229 --> 01:20:37,100 SO IF, YOU KNOW, BREASTFEEDING IS IN THEIR WHEELHOUSE 1377 01:20:37,133 --> 01:20:38,634 AND THEY'RE UP FOR THE CONVERSATION 1378 01:20:38,667 --> 01:20:41,070 I'D SAY GO FOR IT, YOU KNOW, YOU CAN DO IT. 1379 01:20:41,104 --> 01:20:43,206 BUT IF IT'S REALLY A DISTANT CONVERSATION, 1380 01:20:43,239 --> 01:20:46,375 THEN I JUST WANT TO SUPPORT THEM TO GET TO THEIR NEXT PLACE. 1381 01:20:46,409 --> 01:20:48,912 IT'S VERY HELPFUL TO HAVE SOMEONE WHO CAN MOVE YOUR ELBOW 1382 01:20:48,945 --> 01:20:51,514 A LITTLE BIT, GIVE YOU REASSURANCE, 1383 01:20:51,547 --> 01:20:53,983 SUPPLY WHAT OTHERWISE MIGHT HAVE BEEN SUPPLIED 1384 01:20:54,017 --> 01:20:56,452 BY CULTURAL SUPPORT AND BY THE FACT 1385 01:20:56,485 --> 01:20:58,287 THAT EVERYBODY AROUND YOU IS BREASTFEEDING. 1386 01:20:58,321 --> 01:21:02,458 TANZANIA, MY COUNTRY, HAS MANY TRIBES. 1387 01:21:02,491 --> 01:21:04,994 ONE OF THE TRIBES, THE SHAMBALA PEOPLE, 1388 01:21:05,028 --> 01:21:08,597 WHICH IS MY TRIBE, WHEN THE WOMEN HAVE BABIES, 1389 01:21:08,631 --> 01:21:11,500 THEY STAY INDOORS, TAKEN CARE OF, 1390 01:21:11,534 --> 01:21:14,603 PAMPERED FOR 30 DAYS. 1391 01:21:14,637 --> 01:21:17,540 MOTHERS SHOULD STICK TOGETHER. 1392 01:21:17,573 --> 01:21:21,577 IF YOU HAVE THAT SUPPORT FROM OTHER WOMEN 1393 01:21:21,610 --> 01:21:24,580 AND FROM THE HUSBANDS AS WELL, 1394 01:21:24,613 --> 01:21:29,385 THAT THIS IS THE BEST THING FOR OUR YOUNG TO BREASTFEED. 1395 01:21:29,418 --> 01:21:32,121 COMMUNITY, REALLY, IS WHAT WE NEED. 1396 01:21:32,155 --> 01:21:34,290 BECAUSE I'M A SINGLE MOM, I DIDN'T HAVE-- 1397 01:21:34,323 --> 01:21:37,961 I DIDN'T HAVE SUPPORT FROM A HUSBAND OR A PARTNER. 1398 01:21:37,994 --> 01:21:42,465 BUT I HAD ENORMOUS SUPPORT FROM MY FRIENDS, 1399 01:21:42,498 --> 01:21:44,667 AND WE FORMED A MOMMY GROUP 1400 01:21:44,700 --> 01:21:47,136 THAT IS STILL GOING STRONG TO THIS DAY. 1401 01:21:47,170 --> 01:21:50,139 Jennifer narrating: ONE REALLY BEAUTIFUL WAY FOR MOTHERS 1402 01:21:50,173 --> 01:21:55,945 TO SUPPORT ONE ANOTHER IS MOTHER-TO-MOTHER MILK SHARING. 1403 01:21:55,979 --> 01:21:58,481 BABIES WHO REALLY NEED MILK SHOULD HAVE BANKED MILK. 1404 01:21:58,514 --> 01:22:02,518 AND THIS SHOULD BECOME MORE OF A PRODUCT 1405 01:22:02,551 --> 01:22:04,988 WHICH IS MUCH MORE EASILY ACCESSIBLE. 1406 01:22:05,021 --> 01:22:07,023 I FOUND THIS WEBSITE CALLED MILKSHARES, 1407 01:22:07,056 --> 01:22:11,094 AND THEY MATCH MOTHERS WHO HAVE TOO MUCH MILK 1408 01:22:11,127 --> 01:22:14,363 WITH MOTHERS WHO DON'T HAVE ANY MILK OR NEED MILK 1409 01:22:14,397 --> 01:22:16,432 AND SO I FOUND THIS WONDERFUL WOMAN 1410 01:22:16,465 --> 01:22:19,735 WHO JUST HAD A WHOLE FREEZER FULL OF MILK. 1411 01:22:19,768 --> 01:22:25,141 SO I SUPPLEMENTED MY TWINS WITH HER BREAST MILK 1412 01:22:25,174 --> 01:22:27,610 UNTIL THEY WERE ABOUT ALMOST 11 MONTHS OLD. 1413 01:22:27,643 --> 01:22:32,215 AND SO I REALLY WAS ABLE TO STAY OFF THE FORMULA. 1414 01:22:32,248 --> 01:22:36,052 MY TAKEAWAY FROM DONATING MILK TO ANOTHER FAMILY WAS AMAZING. 1415 01:22:36,085 --> 01:22:39,755 IT MADE ME FEEL LIKE I WAS HELPING OTHER FAMILY, 1416 01:22:39,788 --> 01:22:42,058 LIKE I WAS BEING PART OF THE VILLAGE 1417 01:22:42,091 --> 01:22:44,027 THAT EVERYBODY WANTS WHEN THEY HAVE A KID. 1418 01:22:44,060 --> 01:22:47,063 IT OPENS A DOOR FOR YOU TO HAVE A CONNECTION 1419 01:22:47,096 --> 01:22:49,765 TO ANOTHER MOTHER WHICH IS SOMETHING YOU WILL NOT REGRET. 1420 01:22:49,798 --> 01:22:51,400 I WOULD DO IT AGAIN IN A HEARTBEAT. 1421 01:22:51,434 --> 01:22:54,337 IT WAS A REALLY REWARDING, AWESOME EXPERIENCE. 1422 01:22:57,273 --> 01:22:59,642 MOST OF WHAT I LEARNED, I LEARNED FROM PARENTS. 1423 01:22:59,675 --> 01:23:04,080 AND I WATCHED MOMS FEED THEIR BABIES. 1424 01:23:04,113 --> 01:23:06,249 I WATCHED BABIES GROW AT DIFFERENT RATES. 1425 01:23:06,282 --> 01:23:08,651 I WATCHED MOTHERS DO THIS WITH DIFFERENT STYLES. 1426 01:23:08,684 --> 01:23:11,020 AND I LEARNED THAT MOTHERS KNOW THEIR BABIES 1427 01:23:11,054 --> 01:23:12,421 A LOT BETTER THAN I DO. 1428 01:23:12,455 --> 01:23:14,723 MY REAL JOB IS JUST TO GET OUT OF THE WAY 1429 01:23:14,757 --> 01:23:17,260 AND SUPPORT A WOMAN AS SHE DISCOVERS 1430 01:23:17,293 --> 01:23:19,595 HER OWN ABILITY. 1431 01:23:19,628 --> 01:23:23,132 SO MUCH OF THAT FIRST STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT, IN MY OPINION, 1432 01:23:23,166 --> 01:23:24,800 IS ABOUT NOT FEELING THAT I EXIST 1433 01:23:24,833 --> 01:23:26,769 AND NOT FEELING THAT I TRUST LIFE OR THAT MY NEEDS 1434 01:23:26,802 --> 01:23:28,437 ARE GONNA BE MET, AND THEN ALL OF THE OTHER 1435 01:23:28,471 --> 01:23:30,506 STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT BUILD ON THAT ONE. 1436 01:23:30,539 --> 01:23:33,309 SO I JUST FEEL LIKE OFFERING THAT TO THE PLANET 1437 01:23:33,342 --> 01:23:35,278 WOULD BE THE GREATEST GIFT. 1438 01:23:35,311 --> 01:23:37,613 WE'RE TRYING TO TO COME AT SOLVING THE WORLD'S PROBLEMS 1439 01:23:37,646 --> 01:23:40,216 FROM THE SYMPTOMATIC STUFF BACK. 1440 01:23:40,249 --> 01:23:41,784 I THINK IT WOULD BE SO MUCH EASIER 1441 01:23:41,817 --> 01:23:43,786 TO START FROM THE BEGINNING AND WORK UP. 1442 01:23:43,819 --> 01:23:47,723 I THINK THE AMERICAN MODEL IS BASICALLY FASCINATING, 1443 01:23:47,756 --> 01:23:50,593 BUT IT'S NO LONGER PERTINENT TO THE MODERN AGE. 1444 01:23:50,626 --> 01:23:54,497 HOW DO WE BUILD A SOCIETY WHICH NURTURES BREASTFEEDING 1445 01:23:54,530 --> 01:23:57,600 AS PART OF A LARGER CONCEPT OR ATTACHMENT? 1446 01:23:57,633 --> 01:24:01,770 WE'VE GOTTA BUILD CITIES WHERE WE ACTUALLY LIVE TOGETHER, 1447 01:24:01,804 --> 01:24:03,672 LIVE TOGETHER. 1448 01:24:03,706 --> 01:24:06,575 AT TIMES, I FEEL LIKE I'M FIGHTING A LOSING BATTLE, 1449 01:24:06,609 --> 01:24:10,179 BUT I'M NOT GONNA STOP FIGHTING BECAUSE IF WE QUIT FIGHTING, 1450 01:24:10,213 --> 01:24:12,615 BABIES SUFFER. 1451 01:24:12,648 --> 01:24:14,417 IT'S VERY SIMPLE. 1452 01:24:14,450 --> 01:24:16,719 SOCIETY NEEDS TO RECOGNIZE THAT AND SAY, 1453 01:24:16,752 --> 01:24:19,555 "WE WANT TO INVEST IN THE HEALTH AND LONG-TERM HEALTHCARE 1454 01:24:19,588 --> 01:24:22,358 OF OUR CHILDREN, AND THAT MEANS SUPPORTING THEIR MOTHERS." 1455 01:24:22,391 --> 01:24:24,860 I THINK IF YOU'RE PART OF A SOCIETY 1456 01:24:24,893 --> 01:24:27,096 THAT KNOWS WHAT BIRTH LOOKS LIKE, 1457 01:24:27,130 --> 01:24:29,332 KNOWS WHAT FEEDING A BABY LOOKS LIKE 1458 01:24:29,365 --> 01:24:32,635 AND SUPPORTS THAT, THEN THAT WILL LEAD 1459 01:24:32,668 --> 01:24:34,503 TO HIGHER RATES OF BREASTFEEDING. 1460 01:24:34,537 --> 01:24:37,573 IF WE CAN AFFECT THE MEDIA, IF WE CAN AFFECT POLICY 1461 01:24:37,606 --> 01:24:40,209 AND JUST OVERALL WHAT MESSAGES LITTLE GIRLS 1462 01:24:40,243 --> 01:24:41,710 AND WOMEN ARE TAUGHT, 1463 01:24:41,744 --> 01:24:43,579 THEN WE CAN AFFECT A CHANGE CULTURALLY. 1464 01:24:43,612 --> 01:24:46,282 IT IS ONE STEP AT A TIME, AND IT'S ABOUT AWARENESS, 1465 01:24:46,315 --> 01:24:47,683 AND IT'S ABOUT CHANGING THE STORY 1466 01:24:47,716 --> 01:24:49,485 AROUND BEING A MOTHER. 1467 01:24:49,518 --> 01:24:53,756 Charlene: I CAN'T HELP BUT WONDER IF THE IMAGE 1468 01:24:53,789 --> 01:24:56,525 OF THE LACTATING BREAST WAS MORE NORMALIZED, 1469 01:24:56,559 --> 01:24:59,695 MORE VISIBLE IF WE SOMEHOW COULDN'T BRING 1470 01:24:59,728 --> 01:25:02,598 THESE TWO SIDES OF OURSELVES BACK TOGETHER, 1471 01:25:02,631 --> 01:25:04,500 THIS IDEA THAT WE WERE NURSING MOTHERS 1472 01:25:04,533 --> 01:25:06,569 BUT WE WERE ALSO SEXUAL BEINGS. 1473 01:25:10,239 --> 01:25:11,907 WE NEED TO SEE IT. 1474 01:25:11,940 --> 01:25:16,179 IF WE DON'T SEE IT, THEN IT DOESN'T BECOME NORMAL. 1475 01:25:16,212 --> 01:25:18,314 WE NEED TO NORMALIZE IT. 1476 01:25:18,347 --> 01:25:20,416 WE NEED TO GET OUT THERE AND BREASTFEED OUR BABIES, 1477 01:25:20,449 --> 01:25:23,686 NOT HIDE AWAY IN CARS OR AT HOME. 1478 01:25:23,719 --> 01:25:25,921 WE HAVE THINGS TO DO. 1479 01:25:25,954 --> 01:25:29,458 * 1480 01:26:47,403 --> 01:26:49,438 Jennifer narrating: WE NEED TO CREATE A MOVEMENT. 1481 01:26:49,472 --> 01:26:52,908 WE NEED TO GET EXCITED. WE NEED TO CHANGE THINGS. 1482 01:26:52,941 --> 01:26:54,777 THIS HAS TO CHANGE. 1483 01:26:54,810 --> 01:26:59,282 WOMEN NEED TO STAND UP FOR THEIR HUMAN RIGHTS. 1484 01:27:50,733 --> 01:27:53,769 THE BIOLOGICAL MANDATES ARE CLEAR-- 1485 01:27:53,802 --> 01:27:56,004 LET'S REVERSE THE TREND. 1486 01:27:56,038 --> 01:28:00,809 LET'S TURN THE CORNER AND GO BACK TO A CULTURE 1487 01:28:00,843 --> 01:28:04,880 THAT LOVES AND NURTURES ITS FUTURE GENERATIONS. 1488 01:28:04,913 --> 01:28:06,982 LET'S PROTECT OUR FUTURE. 1489 01:28:07,015 --> 01:28:09,885 NEVER SEPARATE A MOTHER AND BABY. 1490 01:28:09,918 --> 01:28:12,388 IT TEACHES INTIMACY. IT TEACHES CONNECTION. 1491 01:28:12,421 --> 01:28:14,357 IT TEACHES CARE. 1492 01:28:14,390 --> 01:28:16,959 I THINK THESE ARE HUGE VOIDS IN SOCIETY IN GENERAL. 1493 01:28:16,992 --> 01:28:19,061 SO WE'RE THE LIVING EMBODIMENT OF IT 1494 01:28:19,094 --> 01:28:22,598 NOT ONLY IN THE DOING OF IT BUT IN THE OFFERING OF IT 1495 01:28:22,631 --> 01:28:25,501 DIRECTLY AND MICRO-COSMICALLY TO THE LITTLE ONE. 1496 01:28:25,534 --> 01:28:27,670 YOU KNOW, THEY HAVE THAT IN THEIR BACK POCKET NOW. 1497 01:28:27,703 --> 01:28:29,605 IT'S NOT JUST HER GETTING IT FROM ME. 1498 01:28:29,638 --> 01:28:31,474 I'M GETTING IT FROM HER AS WELL. 1499 01:28:31,507 --> 01:28:33,442 AND IT MADE ME FEEL VERY POWERFUL, 1500 01:28:33,476 --> 01:28:35,110 LIKE I HAD SOME KIND OF SUPERPOWER, 1501 01:28:35,143 --> 01:28:36,979 LIKE THIS WAS MAGIC. 1502 01:28:37,012 --> 01:28:39,515 IT IS THE MOST EXTRAORDINARY THING THAT HAS EVER HAPPENED. 1503 01:28:39,548 --> 01:28:42,084 I WAS KEEPING LITTLE BEING ALIVE. 1504 01:28:42,117 --> 01:28:45,120 IT MADE ME FEEL EVEN MORE EMPOWERED THAN I ALREADY DID. 1505 01:28:45,153 --> 01:28:48,591 WE ARE ABLE TO SUSTAIN THE LIFE OF ANOTHER HUMAN BEING 1506 01:28:48,624 --> 01:28:52,127 WITH OUR OWN MILK. 1507 01:28:52,160 --> 01:28:55,831 Jennifer narrating: CRADLED IN THE COMFORT OF A MOTHER'S ARMS, 1508 01:28:55,864 --> 01:28:57,600 A BABY IS AT HOME. 1509 01:28:57,633 --> 01:28:59,802 HONORING THIS NURSING RELATIONSHIP 1510 01:28:59,835 --> 01:29:03,539 SECURES THE FUTURE HEALTH OF AMERICA 1511 01:29:03,572 --> 01:29:07,810 AND THE WELL-BEING OF EVERY MOTHER AND CHILD. 1512 01:29:07,843 --> 01:29:11,714 * AS MANY DROPS OF WATER AS IT FILLED THE OCEAN * 1513 01:29:11,747 --> 01:29:15,384 * WILL LOVE YOU 1514 01:29:15,418 --> 01:29:19,522 * AS MANY GRAINS OF SAND AS THEY BUILD THE LAND * 1515 01:29:19,555 --> 01:29:23,459 * I WILL LOVE YOU 1516 01:29:23,492 --> 01:29:30,766 * AS MANY TRIES TO FLY IN THE WIND AND I WILL LOVE YOU * 1517 01:29:30,799 --> 01:29:35,037 * 'CAUSE YOU'RE AIR IS MY AIR * 1518 01:29:35,070 --> 01:29:39,542 * AND YOUR FLESH IS MY FLESH * 1519 01:29:39,575 --> 01:29:43,912 * I WAS MADE TO LOVE YOU 1520 01:29:43,946 --> 01:29:47,450 * IT'S WRITTEN IN THE STARS * 1521 01:29:47,483 --> 01:29:51,787 * I WAS MADE TO LOVE YOU 1522 01:29:51,820 --> 01:29:55,157 * NO MATTER WHO YOU ARE 1523 01:29:55,190 --> 01:29:59,462 * PAST THE STARS, PAST THE MOON * 1524 01:29:59,495 --> 01:30:03,131 * PAST THE MILKY WAY, I DO * 1525 01:30:03,165 --> 01:30:10,873 * I WILL LOVE YOU 1526 01:30:10,906 --> 01:30:18,046 * I WILL LOVE YOU. * 1527 01:30:34,262 --> 01:30:38,567 ( music playing ) 1528 01:30:42,938 --> 01:30:51,480 * YOU ARE THE ORIGINAL TEMPLATE * 1529 01:30:51,514 --> 01:30:59,955 * YOU ARE THE ORIGINAL EXEMPLARY * 1530 01:30:59,988 --> 01:31:08,731 * HOW SEEN WERE YOU ACTUALLY? * 1531 01:31:08,764 --> 01:31:17,072 * HOW REVERED WERE YOU HONESTLY AT THE TIME? * 1532 01:31:17,105 --> 01:31:22,611 * WHY PLEASED WITH YOUR LOW-MAINTENANCE? * 1533 01:31:22,645 --> 01:31:26,214 * YOU LOVED US MORE THAN WE COULD'VE LOVED YOU * 1534 01:31:26,248 --> 01:31:34,523 * YOU RUN FROM THE HOUSE IN THE SNOW MELODRAMATICALLY * 1535 01:31:34,557 --> 01:31:42,698 * OH, MOTHER, WHO'S YOUR SISTER? * 1536 01:31:42,731 --> 01:31:50,973 * OH, MOTHER, WHO'S YOUR FRIEND? * 1537 01:31:51,006 --> 01:31:55,243 * THE HEART OF THE HOUSE 1538 01:31:55,277 --> 01:31:59,948 * THE HEART OF THAT HOUSE 1539 01:31:59,982 --> 01:32:04,687 * ALL HAIL THE GODDESS 1540 01:32:04,720 --> 01:32:12,761 * WE LEFT THE MEN, AND WE WENT FOR A WALK IN THE GATINEAUS * 1541 01:32:12,795 --> 01:32:21,336 * AND TALKED LIKE WOMEN, LIKE WOMEN TO WOMEN WOULD * 1542 01:32:21,369 --> 01:32:25,774 * WOMEN TO WOMEN WOULD 1543 01:32:25,808 --> 01:32:30,245 * "WHERE DID YOU GET THAT FROM? * 1544 01:32:33,882 --> 01:32:40,288 * DO YOU SEE YOURSELF IN MY GYPSY GARAGE-SALE WAYS? * 1545 01:32:42,090 --> 01:32:47,095 * IN MY FITS OF LAUGHTER? 1546 01:32:50,933 --> 01:32:54,970 * IN MY TINKERBELL TENDENCIES? * 1547 01:32:59,708 --> 01:33:04,947 * IN MY LACK OF COLOR COORDINATION?" * 1548 01:33:04,980 --> 01:33:06,949 ( camera person laughing ) 1549 01:33:09,351 --> 01:33:11,053 HOW IS THAT FOR A FILM? 1550 01:33:11,086 --> 01:33:12,287 ( camera person laughs )